An Overview of Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 4 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 The most prevalent chronic diseases in the world's adult population are diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders in which blood glucose levels are abnormally large. Periodontitis[1], on the other hand, is an inflammatory teeth-supporting tissue disease caused by a particular microorganism or community of specific microorganisms, resulting in progressive degradation of the periodontal and alveolar ligaments, with pocket formation, recession or both. As a consequence of the dynamic interrelationship between infectious agents and host-related factors, it is a multifactorial disease. Periodontal disorders and diabetes mellitus are closely related and chronic diseases with many similarities in pathobiology are highly prevalent. Related background factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance In this relationship, it might play an important role. Inflammation in the relationship between both is a crucial player. The risk of periodontal diseases is clearly increased by diabetes, and biologically plausible mechanisms have been demonstrated in abundance. It is conceivable that periodontal diseases may act as insulin resistance initiators or propagators in a manner similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic regulation. The effect of periodontal diseases on the glycemic regulation of diabetes and the mechanisms by which this happens are less evident. It is conceivable that periodontal diseases may act as insulin resistance initiators or propagators in a manner similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic regulation. To explain this aspect of the relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes, more research is required.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Ena Sharma
Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

Dr. Amit Lakhani
Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

Surinder Sachdeva
Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

Kirti Gupta
Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

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Aqueous Extract of the Stem Bark of Baillonella toxisperma and Its Protective Effects on Dexamethasone Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats | Chapter 10 | Current Research in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol.1

 

To evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Baillonella toxisperma stem bark on dexamethasone
induced insulin resistance in rats, a quantitative phytochemical study has done extract for the
quantification of bioactive compound such as: total phenol, flavonoid, and flavonol. The induction of
insulin resistance has been done by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 8 day;
metformin (40 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) were administrated orally, one
hour before intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone. During this experiment, body weight and
blood glucose level were evaluated the first and the last day (days 1 and 8) and a glucose tolerant
test was performed in rats the last day. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were
collected for the determination of lipids parameters, transaminases (ALT and AST) and total protein
level. Organs such as: liver, pancreas, and kidneys were also collected for the relative organ weight
determination. At the end of this study, the results showed that the aqueous extract of B. toxisperma
contain a high quantity of phenols, flavonoids, and flavonols, significantly reversed the metabolic
alterations (lipid profile, protein level, and transaminase activity) induced by dexamethasone in rats.
This extract significantly decreased (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin
resistance rats at dose of 60 and 120 mg/kg. The results suggest that Baillonella toxisperma would be
able to correct the metabolic alteration induced by insulin resistance and thus, may be useful for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author (s) Details

Sylvie Léa Wansi Ngnokam
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.

Marius Trésor Wego
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.

Sylviane Laure Poualeu Kamani
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.

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