Steva (Stevia rebaudiana) Phytochemistry, Cultivation and Applications as a Natural Sweetener | Chapter 9 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 5

 

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb known for its natural sweetness and medicinal properties. Its sweet taste comes from steviol glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A, which are much sweeter than sugar but contain minimal calories. In addition to these compounds, stevia also possesses flavonoids, phenolic acids and essential oils that contribute to its therapeutic value. These bioactive components exhibit antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects, making the plant beneficial for managing conditions like diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. Agriculturally, stevia thrives in tropical and subtropical climates with loamy, well-drained soils and abundant sunlight. Although it can be propagated from seeds, using stem cuttings is more effective for preserving genetic traits and ensuring high sweetener content. Owing to its low-calorie nature and natural composition, stevia has become increasingly important as a healthy alternative to sugar in both the food and pharmaceutical industries.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bhoomika, H. R.
ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bramhavara, Udupi-576213, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

 

Varshini, N. V.
Department of PSMAC, College of Horticulture Mudigere-577132, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

 

Vaishnavi B. A.
Department of PSMAC, College of Horticulture Mudigere-577132, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v5/6550

Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis): Biology, Harvest and Trade |Chapter 8 | Current Advances in Plant Science, Molecular Biology and Health Sector

 

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, commonly known as Caterpillar fungus, is a medicinal fungus with significant nutritional and utilisation value. Ophiocordyceps belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps under the family Ophiocordycipitaceae (Division: Ascomycota; Order: Hypocreales). The genus Ophiocordyceps was first scientifically described by British mycologist Tom Petch in 1931. It includes approximately 140 species that parasitise insects. It is the most expensive fungus in the world and is widely distributed in upper hilly regions of the Himalaya in China, Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and India. This fungus is very important and widely used in China in Traditional Medicine. The dried club-shaped fruiting body with the larva has a great medicinal value, particularly in strengthening lungs and kidneys, as well as to increase energy and vitality. It is a peculiar insect pathogenic fungus with a larva of moths at the base and the fruiting body of the fungus at the top. The life cycle of this fungus is also very interesting. The wide use of this fungus in Traditional Chinese Medicine of China has made it the fungus as costliest of the world. The characteristics and medicinal importance of the fungus in general have been discussed before going to the study of caterpillar fungus. The morphology, life cycle, harvesting, medicinal importance, and trade of Caterpillar Fungus have been elaborated. The overharvesting of this Caterpillar fungus by collectors is affecting the ecosystem of the alpine regions of the Himalaya, leading to the threat of many endangered plant and animal species of that area. Therefore, the conservation of this rare fungus is necessary by regulating harvest and taking surveillance to check cross-border activity.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Professor Satyesh Chandra Roy
Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study for Cell and Chromosome Research, University of Calcutta, India.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-989371-7-9/CH8

 

Susceptible-Infected-Treatment of Prey-Predator Population Model | Chapter 8 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 This paper expresses a mathematical model accompanying Susceptible-Infected-Treatment under disease infection in martyr population. Moreover, we acquire that the prey species has a energetic illness, separating into classes of susceptible and infected cultures. One technique of control is self quarantining to separate active prey from diseased pillage, and another method is a situation that lowers the disease’s humanness rate. The system’s several equilibria are examined, and their balance analyses about the interior equilibrium are discussed. Routh-Hurwitz security criteria is secondhand for local stability analysis. Through mathematical analysis utilizing a simulated set of parameter principles, we have shown the examining results using Maple programmes.

Author(s) Details:

S. Saranya,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India.

S. Vijaya,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India.

E. Rekha,
Faculty of Science, Valalar Arts and Science College, Vadalur, Cuddalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11804

Global Stability Analysis of a Three Species Ammensalism Model with Harvesting Affect| Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 The Present model is committed to an analytical analysis of affect of Harvesting on three class syn-ecological model all the while that the species of 1st kind (N1) is ammensal on thespecies of 2nd kind (N2), the class of 2rd kind (N2) is on the variety of 3rd kind (N3) and thespecies of 3rd kind (N3) is on the variety of 1st kind (N1).Herespecies of 1st kind (N1) and species of 2nd kind (N2) are gathered at a rate proportional to their public sizes. Co-existing state is famous and its native strength is mentioned. Solutions of linearized equating are applied. Further, by way of suitable Lyapunov function worldwide balance was discussed. In support of examining results, numerical simulations were completed activity using Mat Lab.

Author(s) Details:

Kondala Rao K,
Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, C. B. Post, Moinabad Mandal, Hyderabad-500035, Telanagana, India.

Lakshmi Narayan K,
Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, C. B. Post, Moinabad Mandal, Hyderabad-500035, Telanagana, India.

G. Ranjith Kumar,
Department of Mathematics, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkeshar Road, Hyderabad-500088, Telangana, India.

K. Ramesh,
Department of Mathematics, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkeshar Road, Hyderabad-500088, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V4/article/view/9162

Global Stability Analysis of a Three Species Ammensalism Model with Harvesting Affect| Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 The Present model is committed to an analytical inquiry of affect of Harvesting on three class syn-ecological model all along that the species of 1st kind (N1) is ammensal on thespecies of 2nd kind (N2), the class of 2rd kind (N2) is on the variety of 3rd kind (N3) and thespecies of 3rd kind (N3) is on the variety of 1st kind (N1).Herespecies of 1st kind (N1) and species of 2nd kind (N2) are accumulated at a rate proportional to their community sizes. Co-existing state is popular and its native cohesion is mentioned. Solutions of linearized equating are applied. Further, by way of suitable Lyapunov function worldwide strength was discussed. In support of examining results, numerical simulations were completed activity using Mat Lab.

Author(s) Details:

Kondala Rao K,
Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, C. B. Post, Moinabad Mandal, Hyderabad-500035, Telanagana, India. Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, C. B. Post, Moinabad Mandal, Hyderabad-500035, Telanagana, India.

Lakshmi Narayan K,
Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, C. B. Post, Moinabad Mandal, Hyderabad-500035, Telanagana, India.

G. Ranjith Kumar,
Department of Mathematics, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkeshar Road, Hyderabad-500088, Telangana, India.

K. Ramesh,
Department of Mathematics, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkeshar Road, Hyderabad-500088, Telangana, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V4/article/view/9162

Assessment of Postharvest Management of Frafra Potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton) | Chapter 09 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

 The Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J.K. Morton) is an underutilised tuber crop grown in Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Burkina Faso, and Mali's interior Savanna areas. When compared to other tuber crops, the crop has agronomic advantages in low soils and yield advantages with limited production inputs. The study focuses on the crop's most important integrated agricultural production and postharvest management strategies. The focus was on existing and prospective areas to improve postharvest quality and shelf-life, which is still a relatively new subject. Due to their high moisture content, vulnerability to physical damage, and high metabolic activity, tubers, like other root and tuber crops, suffer significant postharvest losses (PHL). Primary physio-chemical deterioration (such as weight loss, respiration, compositional alterations, and sprouting) and decay induced by microbial invasion and physiological problems are the main causes of PHL. PHL losses result in a drop in quantity and quality, as well as price reductions. The extent of PHL in Frafra potato and crop-specific postharvest management approaches are both unknown. PHL, on the other hand, may fall within the global estimate of 30 to 60% across root and tuber crops. To reduce PHL, integrated crop management strategies like as variety selection, planting material quality, soil fertility management, field pest and disease control, excellent harvesting and handling practises, suitable storage, and postharvest treatments must all be taken into account. This chapter includes background knowledge and key technology for effective Frafra potato postharvest management. Access to enhanced storage and processing technology can certainly boost production to commercial levels. As more study information and recommendations are developed in future studies, such bits of information can be updated.

Author(S) Details 

Issah Sugri
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Francis Kusi
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana

Julius Yirzagla
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana

Mutari Abubakari
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Salim Lamini
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Peter Anabire Asungre
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Mukhtaru Zakaria
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Patrick Attamah
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

John Mburi Azasiba
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Emmanuel A. Aziiba
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Roger A. L. Kanton
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Stephen K. Nutsugah
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

Samuel S. J. Buah
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Box 46, Bawku, UER, Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V5/article/view/5262

Essential Steps for Developing Rice Harvest Mechanization in Bangladesh | Chapter 11 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 Mechanization can boost agricultural productivity in the long run, particularly when it comes to harvesting and reducing postharvest losses. Knowing the status, issues, and suggestions for harvest mechanisation will be needed to achieve this goal. Based on different agro-climatic conditions and cropping intensity, this study considered 21 upzillas from seven regions (Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Comilla, Bogra, Rajshahi, and Rangpur). A total of 126 farmers took part in the interview.

For the knowledge formulation, we used a structural questionnaire and statical analysis. The average cultivable area in the project area ranged from 225 to 1239 decimal. Harvesting is a time-consuming task for farmers, with 97.62 percent of harvesting performed by sickle and just 2.38 percent accomplished by computer. After harvesting the paddy, 44.44 percent of farmers transported it to the threshing yard by head carry, small truck, or manually driven trolley. The paddy threshing activity in Bangladesh is highly mechanised (95 percent ). Closed drum thresher (49.21 percent), open drum thresher (26.19 percent), paddle thresher (16.7%), combine harvester (0.79 percent), and other threshing devices were accessible. The kula is the most common cleaning device in the research area (37.3 percent).

In the study region, a large percentage of farmers (80.95 percent) had machinery, while 19.05 percent of paddy growers did not. Harvesting was a labor-intensive (42.06 percent) and time-consuming process for farmers (36.51 percent ). The transport of harvested paddy was hazardous and painful to the head, shoulder, hand, waist, backbone, leg, and other body parts. In the survey region, the most important benefit of mechanised harvesting was lower labour requirements (36.51 percent), followed by lower rice loss (21.43 percent). All of the farmers who took part in the interview said that they needed machinery and listed agricultural credit with favourable terms, machinery subsidies, and a fair market price for their rice.

Author (s) Details

Bidhan Chandra Nath
PhD Fellow in Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Australia and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh.

Md. Durrul Huda
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh.

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh.

Subrata Paul
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V7/article/view/607