Congenital Bilateral Sporadic Aniridia: Review of Management | Chapter 9 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 2

Purpose: This is to review the management modalities and report a rare case of bilateral sporadic aniridia in an African child.

Presentation: A case of bilateral sporadic aniridia with horizontal nystagmus, cataract, optic disc and fovea hypoplasia in a 5-year-old female patient was reported. She was managed conservatively.

Various modalities of treatment with their limitations were reviewed.

Conclusion: Congenital bilateral aniridia is not generally common. As a result of the associated fibrotic nature, management is complex, may fail and may not be affordable or available in developing countries.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Caroline O Adeoti
Department Of Ophthalmology, Osun State Univeristy, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

 

Adeyinka A Afolabi
Department Of Paediatrics, Ladoke Akintola University Of Technology (Lautech) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

 

Adebimpe O Ashaye
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

Adenike O Adeoye
Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife, Osun, Osun State, Nigeria.

 

please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v2/4101

Determining the Central Cornea Thickness Variations in Glaucoma vs. Non- glaucoma African Population | Chapter 9 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 3

Background: Central cornea thickness (CCT) is the measurement of the thickness of the central part of the cornea. It has an influence on cornea rigidity and consequently could affect the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Aim: To determine the pattern of central cornea thickness (CCT) in an indigenous African population attending the glaucoma clinic at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria and identify its relationship to specific open angle glaucoma (OAG) entities in order to administer appropriate treatments.

Study Design: This is a hospital-based case-control study.

Methods: 340 eyes of 170 consecutive glaucoma patients attending the eye clinic and 340 eyes of 170 consecutive non-glaucoma patients attending the general outpatient department (GOPD) clinic of the UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria between August 2009 and June 2010 who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. A detailed ocular examination was performed on all participants.

Results: The mean age of the glaucoma group was 55.7 ± 9.9 years compared to 53.3 years ± 8.4 years in the non-glaucoma group. The mean CCT of all eyes was 530µm. The mean CCT was found to decrease with age in both groups.

Conclusion: The study confirms there was no significant relationship between central cornea thickness and specific open angle glaucoma. The study also confirms that primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma in our clinic population and that there was no significant relationship between central cornea thickness and specific open-angle glaucoma. Central cornea thickness was also shown to decrease with age.

 

Author (s) Details

S. A. Adegbehingbe
Department of Ophthalmology, Millennium Eye Centre, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

B. A. Olusanya
Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

B. G. K. Ajayi
Ojulowo Eye Clinic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

A. O. Ashaye
Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

C. O. Bekibele
Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v3/1895

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Brief Clinical Findings | Chapter 15 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 The goal of this study is to see if there is a link between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) and the development of central retinal vascular occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative investigation of the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in three groups of patients: 48 patients with CRVO, 164 patients with BRVO, and 70 healthy volunteers (70 eyes). All of the patients were phakic and had never been diagnosed with glaucoma before. In terms of age and systemic hypertension, the patients were matched. At the time of presentation, all of the patients had normal intraocular pressure (IOP) (defined as less than or equal to 21 mmHg).

Results: PXF was detected in 14 of the 48 individuals in the CRVO group (29.17 percent ). PXF was found in 14 out of 164 patients in the BRVO group (8.5 percent), and six out of 70 patients in the control group (8.6 percent ). The percentage differences between the groups were calculated statistically.

noteworthy (P,0.001, X2 test). When we compared patient subgroups with ischemic CRVO to patient subgroups with non-ischemic CRVO, we discovered that in the ischemic CRVO group, 13 out of 27 patients (48.15 percent) were diagnosed with PXF, while one out of 21 patients in the non-ischemic CRVO group was diagnosed with PXF (4.7 percent ; P,0.001, X2 test). Patients with PXF had a 4.406 percent chance of getting CRVO compared to patients without PXF (confidence interval [CI], 2.03-9.54).

Conclusion: PXF and CRVO, particularly ischemia CRVO, are closely connected in our research. Because PXF is related with CRVO in the absence of glaucoma, our data imply that it may be an independent risk for CRVO.

Author(S) Details

Dimitrios Karagiannis
Ophthalmiatreio Eye hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Georgios A. Kontadakis
Ophthalmiatreio Eye hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece and Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

Nektarios E. Klados
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

Ioannis Tsoumpris
Ophthalmiatreio Eye hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Artemios S. Kandarakis
Ophthalmiatreio Eye hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Efstratios A. Parikakis
Ophthalmiatreio Eye hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Ilias Georgalas
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V4/article/view/6377

Glaucoma Perspective: From Back to Future | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 14

 The diagnosis of glaucoma is a conundrum that cannot be solved by depending on a single diagnostic instrument or a single sign. Inconsistency in diagnosis was linked to traditional, subjective approaches such as nerve fibre layer photography and visual field analysis. The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) allowed for objective assessment of a variety of structures, including the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), neural rim area, optic disc edge, and ganglion cell complex. OCT angiography, which was recently launched, allowed for the detection and measurement of perfusion, blood flow, and vessel density in various vascular beds. Artificial intelligence (AI) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently made it possible to optimise glaucoma care earlier and with more insight.

Author (S) Details

Amal Moustafa Elbendary
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura-35516, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V14/article/view/2562

Advanced Ocular Drug Delivery Approaches Using Tiny Needles-A Potential Long-lasting Treatment for Eye Disease | Chapter 11 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.3

Glaucoma and corneal neovascularization which is the world leading eye disease could be given new
treatment options by use of tiny microneedles which are small enough to an unaided eye. One of the
leading causes of blindness is glaucoma, which happens when untreated and corneal
neovascularization, causes an additional growth of blood vessels that damage the vision. Due to the
barrier and relative accessibility of the ocular tissue, treating the anterior and posterior segment of the
eye disease is highly challenging. Development of microneedle-based systems is being experimented
with a way where the drug is precisely put into the part of the eye. Microneedles range in length from
400-700 µm could provide a better medium of drug delivery into the eyes and thereby better disease
management. The microneedle technology of drug delivery will be target specific to the eye and
thereby leading to the decrease the quantity of the drug and increasing the effectiveness with minimal
side effects. Thus, coupling this delivery with a controlled release formulation may allow treating a
condition for weeks or months. Thus, this review elucidates on the current research, new technologies
and the design which may act as a potential treatment for retinal disease.

Author(s) Details

Ms. Baishali A Jana
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty - 643001, Tamil Nadu, The Nilgiris, India.

Ashish D. Wadhwani
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty - 643001, Tamil Nadu, The Nilgiris, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/222