Epidemiological Information on Anatomical Variations of the Sternum: Sternal Foramen and Variant Xiphoid Morphology in Dried Adult Human Sternum in Ethiopia | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: The human sternum comprises three components such as the manubrium, the mesosternum (body), and the xiphoid process. The sternum exhibits unique anatomical variations with major clinical and forensic implications. Purpose: This study is devoted to providing baseline epidemiological information about the sternal foramen and variant xiphoid morphology in Ethiopia. Two extremely interesting and unusual variations of the sternal foramen are also discussed.

Methods: This observational study was carried out using dried adult human sternum obtained from skeletal remains samples brought for medicolegal examination over a period of 4 years. A total of 94 dried adult human sternums (66 males (70.2%) and 28 females (29.8%)) were obtained with an age range of 21 to 57 years and a mean age at death of 38.383 ± 11.3480 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Continuous data were described in terms of the mean and compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Dried human sternum specimens were morphologically examined, and morphometric parameters were recorded and photographed.

Results: A sternal foramen was found in 18 specimens (19.1%); 17 were male and one was female. A single sternal foramen was observed in 83.3% (n=15/18) of the sternal bodies and 11.1% (n=2/18) of the xiphoid processes (both males). In addition, a double sternal foramen was observed in a single male specimen on the mesosternum and xiphoid process. The most common sternal foramen site was at the fifth costochondral junction level. The xiphoid process was present in 77 samples and ended as a single process in 83.1% (n=64/77) of samples. In 15.6% (n=12/77) of the samples, the xiphoid process was bifurcated and trifurcated in a single male (1.3%) specimen. The incidence of Sternal foramen varies in different studies from different populations and reported incidence data on Sternal foramen from different populations ranging from 3.1 to 18.3%.

Conclusions: The sternal foramen and variation in xiphoid morphology are common anatomical variations in Ethiopia. The findings of the current study highlight the necessity of strict precautionary measures during sternal procedures in this study population. Clinicians, radiologists, and anthropologists need to be aware of these variations, and their presence should be taken into consideration in everyday practice. In addition, such incidental findings during radiologic and autopsy procedures should be properly evaluated to avoid misdiagnosis and misinterpretation of such findings as traumatic or pathologic conditions.

 

Author (s) Details

Alemayehu Shiferaw Lema
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Amanuel Oljira Raga
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v6/1321

Biodiversity of Diatoms in Narmada River, India | Chapter 9 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 6

 To label the various diatom variety that can be about the waters of the River Narmada, that flows through five different Indian centers before emptying into the Arabian Sea. Diatoms of miscellaneous types were seen as the water's flow changed. Rivers play a important role in adjusting or carrying modern and municipal seepage, manure discharge and flee which are being the reason for river contamination. The study shall assist to decide the different types of diatoms present in penal institution Narmada. The new procedure presented that all siliceous frustules of sea and waterway diatoms are more resistant to H2SO4 diluted situation and are still recognizable afterwards digestion, and remark under the microscope is better than the other process. There were many different types of diatoms to be seen, and it was found that the diatoms in the water collected from differing cities in India different, including local variety. The diatom species in the direction of the water of the Narmada River that were collected from differing locations are described in the study.

Author(s) Details:

Arushi Chawla,
Lloyd Institute of Forensic Science, Greater Noida, India.

Dhwani Patel,
Forensic Odontology, School of Medicolegal Studies, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, India.

Suraj Kumar,
Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V6/article/view/10226

Snake Envenomation: A Protracted Medicolegal Dispute| Chapter 12 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 This item provides insight into few dietary and behavior habits that can be prevented and encouraged for preventing the growth of cancers. This may inform all the choice dietary and behavior habits for cancer stop, and possible treatment. Dietary and behavior factors are important in malignancy prevention and situation because unhealthy diets and presence increase the risk of cancer onset while hunger negatively impacts the efficacy of tumor treatment. Cancers are complex and versatile in origin, but enormous risk determinants such as tobacco hot, high salt consumption, excessive devouring of saturated fats, civilized foods and sugar, intoxicating, red gist and processed red gist, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet dissemination, poisonous chemicals in the way that lead and benzene, and infections accompanying human papillomavirus and hepatitis virus can prompt their development. Cancer occurrence varies by gender, topography, socioeconomic status, and race. Cancer is caused by DNA mutations that involve oncogenes, altered swelling suppressor genes, genes that govern apoptosis, incorrectly triggered telomerase, and epigenetic changes. Cancerous cells exhibit enhanced copy, transcription, glycolysis, as well as a dropped off need for growth determinants and other alterations. About 30–40% of cancer cases maybe avoided through healthy able to be consumed practices as regular devouring of fruits, vegetables and spices like carrots, tomatoes, cruciferous salads, garlic and whole grains and flax seeds. These foodstuff contain vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants that are anticancer and shield DNA from damage. Enzyme supplements and a active lifestyle maybe included in a healthy consuming pattern. The strategy for overall cancer stop, treatment, and cure can be better assumed by understanding the molecular groundwork of the disease.

Author(s) Details:

Saurabh Bhargava,
School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University. Madhya Pradesh, India.

Rajvinder Singh,
Department of Forensic Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Pin:124001), Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V8/article/view/8729