Effects of Instructional Supervision on Learners Performance in Secondary Schools in Turbo Sub County, Uasin Gishu, Kenya | Chapter 8 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 8

 

Instructional supervision is the process of assisting teachers in the form of guidance, direction, and stimulation to develop and improve the teaching and learning process for a better academic outcome.  By providing guidance and constructive criticism, instructional supervision creates a reflective environment that allows teachers to continuously improve their teaching methods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of instructional supervision on students’ performance in secondary schools in Turbo sub-county, Uasin Gishu, Kenya. This study focused on classroom observation, feedback, and professional documents and their impact on teaching quality and student outcomes. This study used a descriptive survey design. The population target was 55 principals, 102 teachers, and 3,150 students, with a sample size of 355 respondents selected through stratified random and purposive sampling methods. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and interviews, with instrument validity ensured through face and content validation. Reliability scores for teacher and student questionnaires were 0.67 and 0.69, respectively, close to the acceptable 0.70 threshold. Analysis included content analysis for interview responses and descriptive statistics for questionnaire data, using SPSS version 26. Findings revealed that instructional supervision by principals supported academic achievement by ensuring syllabus completion on time. The majority (89.48%) of principals conducted instructional monitoring in schools extremely frequently, while 64.13% engaged in instructional supervision very often or often.  Many principals did not employ real-time classroom observation, such as in-class visits, to verify that lesson plans matched actual instruction. Most respondents agreed that principals’ instructional oversight influences students’ academic performance. Specifically, 43.18% indicated that principals’ classroom walk-ins help ensure teacher attendance, which in turn contributes to improved test scores. Instructional supervision discovered that using a variety of teaching strategies during classes enhanced student learning and academic achievement. Teachers’ supportive feedback, including encouragement, played a critical role in motivating students, thereby improving performance. The study recommends strengthening Principals’ instructional practices to enhance academic results and encourages them to go beyond standard checks, such as attendance registers, by conducting impromptu classroom visits. This approach could better ensure alignment between planned lessons and classroom delivery. Additionally, fostering supportive feedback is emphasised to boost student morale and engagement.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Emily Kirwok
Mt. Kenya University, Kenya.

 

Kennedy Otiso
Koitaleel Samoei University College, Kenya.

 

Abraham Morogo
Mt. Kenya University, Kenya.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v8/6404

 

An Encourage Arrival of Multi-Server queuing System with Defeat Balking and Feedback Customers | Chapter 1 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

 In this paper, we develop a finite capacity Multi-server Markovian queuing system with encourage arrival, defeat balking and feedback customers. The customer arrivals follow Poisson process with mean arrival rate λ and service time follow exponential distribution with parameter µ. The steady state solution and the system characteristic are derived for this model. The analytical results are numerically illustrated and the effects of the nodal parameters on the system characteristics are presented.

Author(s) Details:

Sasikala S,
Cauvery College for Women, Trichy, India.

Dhilothama R,
Cauvery College for Women, Trichy, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUMCS-V3/article/view/13979

Significance of Water for Foundation of Dissipative Regulation of a Living Organism | Chapter 3 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

Water regulates homeostasis and supports metabolism by maintaining the balance of “bound-free” water phases. Dissipative processes of self-organization occur in both living and non-living matter. The same laws govern living and non-living matter, but the mechanism of their manifestation is different. The distinctive feature of living matter is “functional information,” which is an attribute characteristic only of living matter. The ideas of synergetics of self-organization are widespread in modern science. On their basis, the unity of living and non-living nature and the unity of micro- and macrocosms are established—the unity of the two opposites of chaos and order. Functional information is a purposeful indication of the change in the structural-functional state of the living matter. Feedback plays an essential role in self-organization and the dynamic balance of dissipative systems. Self-organization is based on positive feedback (PF). Dynamic equilibrium of the system is ensured by negative feedback (NF). There is a constant competitiveness between the two typ es of feedback - PF and NF. In biological systems, the balance of PF and NF is maintained based on auto-oscillatory homeostasis processes. In the hydration-dehydration processes of biopolymers, the dynamics of the ratio of bound to free water phases coincides with the regulating role of homeostasis. Water sustains the balance of the bound-free water phase ratio, which in turn maintains homeostasis.

Author(s) Details:

Igor Orzhelskyi,
CME Swiss AG, Dorfstrasse 28, 9248 Bichwil, Switzerland.

Andrey Kuznetsov,
Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, St. Krupskaya 4, 119311, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Elena Van Dijk,
S.R.O, Gogolova 14, 90201 Pezinok, Slovakia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13643

Exploring the Conceptual and Psychometric Properties of Teachers’ Conception of Feedback | Chapter 4 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

This chapter investigates the empirical evidence regarding the validity and reliability of an established questionnaire named TCoF. The Rasch analysis was conducted in six steps which are Rasch Fit statistics, item difficulty measurement, item polarity, uni-dimensionality, dispersion and reliability.

It is very important to check for validity and reliability of self-report scales or measures. The study is using survey design. The instrument consists of 37 items from 9 constructs namely irrelevance, improvement, accountability, encouragement and self-type, task, process, self-regulation, peer and self-assessment and timeliness. Respondents are chosen by random sampling. The questionnaire was filled out by 185 (N=185) undergraduate students who are also student teachers. Three measurement and evaluation specialists independently verified the information. The Rasch measurement model was used to do the data analysis. The analysis revealed that all items fit the model as their MNSQ values are between 0.50 and 1.50 unless for the three items. Two items showed a negative point measure correlation. Other items showed a value more than 0.20 so the item discrimination is good. Item reliability is 0.98 and teacher reliability is 0.89 meaning that they were both showed a very good reliability. The mean for person is 0.43 logits with a standard deviation of 0.70 logits, while the item mean is zero with a standard deviation of 1.05.  The analyses yielded evidence that the instrument can be a useful scale to measure assessment concepts among teachers or student teachers. And, although this instrument originated from the western context, it is suitable to be used in Malaysian context. In total, four items were deleted altogether. The statistical analysis provides strong evidence to support the validity and reliability of the scale.  The results provide an important foundation for an extension of subsequent research that makes use of this inventory. Although this inventory has been used for a while in industrialised nations, it still has to be confirmed to work in the educational setting of Malaysia. The teachers' notion, which is one of the most important aspects in determining how instructors use assessment for learning, may also be a major source of concern for the ministry. 

Author(s) Details:

Nor Hasnida Che Md Ghazali,

Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

Mahizer Hamzah,

Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

Norazilawati Abdullah,

Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

Syaza Hazwani Zaini,

Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V5/article/view/11370

A Comparative Overview of the Effectiveness of Two Organizational Methods (Escape Individually or in Groups) | Chapter 3 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2

 This chapter aims to compare the learning effects of individually played educational escape rooms with those which played in groups. According to the research, there was also a bit of uncertainty about the effectiveness of these types of games.  The students' knowledge was assessed before the escape room, immediately after the game, and one month later.  Both classes delivered much superior results after both post-tests than on pre-test (individual players’ first post-tests: t=-4.80, p<.001 and second post-tests: t=-3.34, p=.002 and team players’ first post-tests: t=-7.54, p<.001 and second post-tests: t=-6.59, p<.001). The findings of this study demonstrated that escape rooms can be useful teaching tools when used alone or in groups. The improvements of the two classes have been also compared. It has been discovered that the team players’ performance has improved to a significantly greater extent than individual players’ (first post-tests: t=-2.01, p=.049 and second post-tests: t=-2.22, p=.030). Furthermore, the significant difference recorded on the pre-test vanished following the game in both post-tests.  

Author(s) Details:

Kovács Mihály,
Astronomical Museum and Camera Obscura, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, 1 Eszterházy Square, Eger-3300, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V2/article/view/10520

Immune Cell Functions in Human SARS-COV-2 Virus Pneumonia | Book Publisher International

 Covid-19 universal spread in almost all, all over the earth countries. Millions have happened affected and millions withered. The situation necessitate worldwide efforts of healing internists epidemiologists, immunologist, and vaccine technologist. Four main preventive cure versions were appropriate in hand for human mass immunization within one period after the universal spread. So far concerning immunology of the disease. Scientists early in the universal starts to assess humoral immunity appropriate for sero-diagnosis and sero-healing of the disease as well as inviting and still tempting to developing the covid-19 right preventive vaccines. Currently, container and lymphocyte immunologists take the forefront position in covid-19 research. They articulate cellular immunology, flow cytometery, alone cell RNA sequencing, mass transcriptomics, proteomics and container –cell bury-actomics for tracing lymphocyte immunotypes and the allied container type interactions. As well as their parts in; the pathogenesis, immune-pathogenesis, and disease effect prediction.The objective of the present book was putting onto the; growth, biology, molecular study of animal, immuno-typing of immune containers and their roles in covuid-19.In which new  information were collected, resolved and formatted as series of opinion documents. Lymphoid, lympho-myeloid and myeloid cell lineages for lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in addition to their mature forms are forming the backbone of human and carnal immune system. The function of the invulnerable system is for the most part to recognize and destroy external invaders by way of a tripartite responses as; inherited, immune cross-roads and adjusting immune reactions. Immune cells the subject of the present book were filling a place these three immune system weaponry. The book is intended to  aid for immunology students, researchers and well-being professions.

Author(s) Details:

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa,
Professor Emeritus, College of Biotechnology, University of Qasim and HIlla University College, Babylon, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ICFHSVP/article/view/8900

Determining the Adaptive Control of Congestion in Tough Wireless Environments using DCM+ Algorithm | Chapter 13 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 15

The goal of this research is to figure out DCM+, a new data network congestion control mechanism. Dynamic Congestion Control for Mobile Networks is what it stands for. New metrics, such as the normalised advance index (NAI) and entire transmission time, have been devised and introduced (CTT). The simulations are carried out on a single-hop topology (sender-router-receiver). This methodology produces outstanding results that are, in most situations, superior to alternative approaches. Our proposed protocol's great features were made attainable by tracking the available slow-start threshold. Improved performance, reduced end-to-end delay, and cut transmission time in half. DCM+ was able to incorporate many of the benefits of the protocols NewReno and Westwood+ at the same time. The results reveal that DCM+ is exceptionally suitable for a variety of network types. The primary principle of control theory, feedback, was employed to control network congestion. As feedback signals, the Round-Trip-Time (RTT) and Retransmission Timeout (RTO) parameters are utilised to alter the next congestion window (cwnd).

Author (S) Details

Dr. Rushdi Hamamreh
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V15/article/view/2975