Injury Characteristics and Request for Discharge against Medical Advice among Road Trauma Patients | Chapter 10 |Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 3

 

Background: Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA) occurs when a patient leaves the hospital contrary to the managing physician's recommendation. DAMA, with its attendant effects of increased healthcare cost and mortality, is common globally. Therefore, DAMA must be continuously brought into public discourse, and strategies to address it should be explored.

 

Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the Patterns of injuries by Road Traffic Accident victims, the implications of discharge against Medical Advice on certain critical injuries, and the importance of follow-up.

 

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, a tertiary health facility in North Central Nigeria, from January 2021 to March 2022. Medical records (case notes) of 121 patients who were involved in Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), and were admitted either into the ward through the Accident and Emergency Unit, or at the Accident and Emergency Unit of the hospital, were retrieved and analyzed against such variables as age, sex, occupation, resident, types of injury, and length of hospital stay.  Descriptive Statistics were deployed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the data.

 

Results: DAMA rate was 12.4% (n=15), of which 8 (6.6%) were females, and 7 (5.7%) were males. Head injury was the commonest injury, 8 (53.3%), seen, while musculoskeletal injuries were 7 (46.7%). The majority of the victims, 6, were in the age group, 30-39 years, with an average age of 37.2. Farmers and housewives were the dominant occupational groups involved. The average hospital stay was 6 days. There was no form of health insurance coverage or follow-up protocol.

 

Conclusion: DAMA for critically injured patients is common in our environment, and there is no known established follow-up system. There is no health insurance coverage. Physicians must strive to track and follow up on these patients to improve outcomes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Suega P. Inunduh
Department of Human Anatomy/Surgery, Veritas University Abuja, Nigeria.

 

Anthony A. Amuta
Department of Surgery, Federal Centre Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v3/6808

Evaluation of the Hydraulic Efficiency of the Sprinkler Irrigation System by Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient | Chapter 5 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 1

 Water distribution, discharge, sprinkler system, pressure head, hydraulic efficiency

 

Aims: The research describes the methods of conducting field studies to evaluate the effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation systems and to design them reliably. Also, the distribution of discharge in the irrigation system across the territory and its losses are analyzed.

 

Study Design: Christiansen's coefficient of similarity, denoted as "CU," is used to estimate the distribution of water from sprinklers.

 

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of “Hydraulics and Hydro Informatics”, “Irrigation and Melioration” at “Tashkent Institute of the Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, between June 2021 and July 2022.

 

Methodology: Christiansen's coefficient of similarity "CU" is carried out by studying three combinations according to the Catch Can method: sprinkler height, sprinkler discharge, and pressure changes. In order to determine the Christiansen coefficient, it is calculated using the sum of experiments in taking into account the distribution of discharge according to the height of the sprinkler at several different pressures. Based on the method given above, the optimal height was determined in the assessment of water distribution. Based on field experiments and their analysis, a graph was created based on sprinkler height and flow distribution for discharge.

 

Results: The optimal height of the sprinkler was chosen from three types including 0.5 m, 0.75 m, and 1 m. Among them, 0.75 m is chosen as the optimal height of the sprinkler. As a result, the correlation coefficient is the best one according to the pressure head (10 m, 12 m, 14 m, 16 m, 18 m, 20 m) and sprinkler height (0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m) and water distribution (between 11 m and 16 m).

 

Conclusion: From the results, we can calculate the water distribution of the sprinkler system of 0.75 m height of the sprinkler under different pressure heads. It is also good for designing and doing hydraulic calculations of this system.

 

Author (s) Details

Aybek Arifjanov
Department Hydraulics and Hydroinformatics, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Lukmon Samiev
Department Hydraulics and Hydroinformatics, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

 

Dilbar Abduraimova
Department Irrigation and Melioration, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

 

Khumora Jalilova
Department Hydraulics and Hydroinformatics, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v1/2050

Comparison of Discharge Measurement Techniques for Small-scale Hydropower Efficiency | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

Hydropower plants represent a large part of the portfolio of electricity production in Romania and provide about 25% of the electricity needs. Hydropower plants equipped with Kaplan turbines are generally low-head hydropower plants. This type of hydropower plants can process a discharge of the order of tens of m³/s (Vaduri HPP, Noapteși HPP, Oești HPP or hundreds of m³/s (Strejești HPP, Câineni HPP) and generally have a low gross head of 15÷20m. On-situ determination of the efficiency of a turbine that equips a low-head hydropower plant, it is necessary to carry out some performance tests in situ by measuring the main operating parameters of the hydropower plant. Among the parameters of a hydropower plant, the parameter whose measurement poses the most difficult problems is the discharge, due to the short intaks and turbulences in the measuring section. The determination of this parameter requires a complex measurement methodology. This paper aims to present and analyze the main methods of in situ determination at low-head hydropower plants and awareness of the importance of carrying out on-site tests to determine the discharge and real operating characteristics. Based on the actual operating characteristics, the optimal operating area can be determined, and the operation of the turbine within this optimal operating area will lead to an increase in the energy production obtained by the turbine of the same volume of water.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Cristian Purece
INCDIE ICPE-CA ICEMENERG Subunit, Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/3020

A Novel Approach to Determining the Turbine Discharge at Hydropower Plants with Adduction Channel | Chapter 9 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 3

Discharge is one of the most important parameters that characterize the operation of a hydroelectric power plant. Traditional methodologies determine the discharge of a high-head hydropower plant by the Gibson method, by exploring the velocity field through a penstock section (current meter method). Nevertheless, it is much more comfortable and advantageous to measure the discharge in a downstream section, at the immediately following hydropower plant, but in this case, it is necessary to know all the phenomena that occur in the tailrace channel between the two hydropower plants and to establish the measurement conditions so that the discharge estimation be within the limits imposed by the standards in force. This paper aims to determine the turbine discharge at Retezat HPP by measuring the discharge to the turbine from the HA1 in Clopotiva HPP.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Cristian Purece
INCDIE ICPE-CA ICEMENERG Subunit, Romania.

 

Eliza Tica
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania.

 

Florica Popa
VALAHIA University of Tarhoviste, Romania.

 

Bogdan Popa
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v3/4215

Comparison of Discharge Measurement Techniques for Small-scale Hydropower Efficiency | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

 

Hydropower plants represent a large part of the portfolio of electricity production in Romania and provide about 25% of the electricity needs. Hydropower plants equipped with Kaplan turbines are generally low-head hydropower plants. This type of hydropower plants can process a discharge of the order of tens of m³/s (Vaduri HPP, Noapteși HPP, Oești HPP or hundreds of m³/s (Strejești HPP, Câineni HPP) and generally have a low gross head of 15÷20m. On-situ determination of the efficiency of a turbine that equips a low-head hydropower plant, it is necessary to carry out some performance tests in situ by measuring the main operating parameters of the hydropower plant. Among the parameters of a hydropower plant, the parameter whose measurement poses the most difficult problems is the discharge, due to the short intaks and turbulences in the measuring section. The determination of this parameter requires a complex measurement methodology. This paper aims to present and analyze the main methods of in situ determination at low-head hydropower plants and awareness of the importance of carrying out on-site tests to determine the discharge and real operating characteristics. Based on the actual operating characteristics, the optimal operating area can be determined, and the operation of the turbine within this optimal operating area will lead to an increase in the energy production obtained by the turbine of the same volume of water.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Cristian Purece
INCDIE ICPE-CA ICEMENERG Subunit, Bucharest, România.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/3020

Process Approach to the Organization of Environmental Monitoring of the Environment in Metallurgical Production | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 9

The Purpose of the branch is the development of an persuasive system of technical environmental monitoring of sources of loud noises and the adoption of up-to-the-minute preventive and curing measures to prevent extravagance emissions and discharges of contaminants. An analysis of approaches to the organization and conduct of industrialized environmental monitoring was completed activity and a process approach was proposed for arranging, accounting and preparation and conducting projects for the preparation and monitoring of incidental pollutants, as in some production process. A block drawing of the process of organizing industrialized environmental monitoring has happened developed. The entire PEM process exists of a series of pertain procedures or steps, place the output of individual procedure is the input of a after procedure. The recommendation of the PEM process is to guarantee the requirements of lawmaking and regulatory documents and worldwide standards] for continuous listening of environmental parts. The proposed process approach to the institution of PEM provides for the control of the exercise of procedures, that consists in continuous reasoning and evaluation of the influence and efficiency of calculations and definitions. The regulation of the PEM process determines for the elimination of discrepancies that arise during the process (through curing actions) and the bettering of the process. The proposed FEM method based on the process approach of systematizing and conducting mechanical environmental monitoring is implemented in the preservation of natural resources system in accordance with ISO 14001-96 at the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant - a branch of TNC Kazchrome JSC, for that the enterprise standard STP 2 / 30-2004 "Monitoring surroundings. Data registration.

Author(s) Details:

I. K. Ibraev,
NJSC 'Karaganda Industrial University', 101004, Temirtau, Republic Avenue 30, Kazakhstan.

O. T. Ibraeva,
NJSC 'Karaganda Industrial University', 101004, Temirtau, Republic Avenue 30, Kazakhstan.

A. K. Svidersky,
Innovative Eurasian University, Pavlodar, Lomov Str. 45, Kazakhstan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V9/article/view/11627

Methods Used for Determining the Discharge at Low Head Hydropower Plants | Chapter 5 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 In general depressed head hydro power plants are mainly plants equipped with Kaplan or corm turbines. To be able to act calculations of adeptness of a hydraulic turbine that equips low head hydro capacity plants is necessary to see several limits such as kinetic and potential strength of water, turbine discharge, net head. Discharge of water through the generator is determined by the book of water flowing hrough the turbine contributing unit. Determination of internal-combustion engine discharge is one of most troublesome tasks in hydraulic turbine tests. Three basic means of turbine discharge calculation will be presented and resolve in this chapter.

Author(s) Details:

Cristian Purece,
INCDE ICEMENERG, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11086