Zinc Oxide Doped with Chlorine: Synthesis, Characterization, and α -Amylase Inhibitors| Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

 

In the current investigation, zinc acetate (ZnAc) and oxalic acid were used to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with chlorine (Cl: ZnONPs) (OX. acid). ZnONPs and Cl: ZnONPs were characterized using FTIR, X-ray, SEM, and TEM. Additionally, the -amylase inhibitors ZnONPs and Cl: ZnONPs were identified. According to the SEM findings, ZnONPs and Cl: ZnONPs have an average particle size between 46.6 and 54 nm. ZnONPs and Cl: TEM images of ZnONPs revealed a spherical shape. ZnONPs and Cl: ZnONPs are projected to act as -amylase inhibitors because the compounds b-d and e shown relatively significant inhibitory action against the -amylase enzyme and were very similar to that of acarbose.

Author(s) Details:

A. A. Al-Arfaj,
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam-31441, Saudi Arabia.

Soheir N. Abd El-Rahman,
Crops Technology Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V5/article/view/8294

Effect of Thermal Cycle on the Relative Variations of Thermal Properties and Crystalinity of (PP/EPR)/CaCO3 Mixtures | Chapter 8 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 The goal of this chapter is to look at how the constants of thermal properties and the degree of crystallinity of mixes (PP/EPR)/Calcium carbonates prepared using the Micro Bivis vary over time. Three calcium carbonate models were utilised to strengthen the basic copolymer PP/EPR at a low level: socal312, socal322v, and Winnofil spm (5 percent ). Using differential scanning calorimetry DSC, the various combinations were then subjected to two cycles of thermal loading. Finally, we determined the degree of crystallinity of the mixes using the thermal characteristics of isotactic polypropylene (TfP, TcP, HfP, HcP). One of the project's objectives is to reduce the energy cost of mixing mixes. The relative differences between the aforementioned characteristics and those of the basic copolymer were measured. It shows that when calcium carbonate loading is modest, the enthalpies of crystallisation during the second exothermic cycle fall, with values as high as 5,53 J/gPP for the basic copolymer PP/EPR. During the second endothermic cycle, the melting temperatures of isotactic polypropylene for all blends, as well as the basic copolymer PP/EPR, rise. Calcium carbonates have been demonstrated to lower the melting energy of isotactic polypropylene even at a low loading rate for the majority. The existence of a so-called limited amorphous phase in our composites enhances this phenomena, which is connected to the number of endothermic cycles.

Author(s) Details:

Noah Pierre Marcel Anicet,
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Camroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Ayissi Zacharie Merlin,
Laboratory of Energy Materials Modelisation and Method, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

Zogo Tsala Simon Armand,
Department of Civil Engineering, ENSET, University of Ebolowa, P.O. Box 886, Ebolowa, Cameroon.

Kenmogne Fabien,
Department of Civil Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Betene Ebanda Fabien,
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Atangana Ateba,
Laboratory of Mechanics, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon and Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V1/article/view/7102

Estimation of Inoculation Effect on Phase Formation and Indentation Hardness Behaviour of Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.4

 

The present study aimed to explain and understand the phenomena of nucleation and growth in these
alloys as a function of percentage of inoculant and cooling rate while later varies with change of point
of observation along wedg. Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as a new potential
material for structural engineering applications owing to their superior strength, hardness and high
elastic strain limit. However, their behaviour is dubious. They manifest brittleness and inferior ductility
which limit their applications. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this problem. With
the help of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector, it can also generate map of crystal
structure of individual elements which can help identify their nature and microstructural features (e.g.
primary, secondary and tertiary dendrite arm spacing). Out of these, introduction of foreign particles
(inoculants) during solidification has been proposed as the most effective. In this study, an effort has
been made to delimit this drawback. A systematic tale has been presented which explains the
evolution of microstructure in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 and Zr65Cu15Al10Ni10 bulk metallic glass matrix
composites with varying percentage of ZrC inoculant as analysed by secondary electron, back scatter
electron imaging of “as cast” unetched samples and indentation microhardness testing. Secondary
electron imaging of indents was also performed which shows development of shear transformation
zones at edges of square of indents. Mostly, no cracking was observed, few cracks bearing Palmqvist
morphology were witnessed in samples containing lower percentage of inoculant. It is also observed
experimentally that inoculation has a certain minimum threshold value (0.5%) till which it shows its
maximum effectivity (increase in toughness) and beyond which a balance, decrease and then
increase in toughness is observed. A support is provided to hypothesis that inoculations remain
successful in promoting phase formation and crystallinity and improving toughness.

Author (s) Details

Muhammad Musaddique Ali Rafique
Eastern Engineering Solutions LLC, Detroit, MI, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/263

Recent Studies on the Use of Exoskeletons of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vanammei) and Crab (Ucides cordatus) for the Extraction of Chitosan and Production of Nanomembrane | Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

 

Chitin is widely distributed in nature, being the main structural component of the exoskeleton of
crustaceans and is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. The present work exploits the
extraction of the chitosan from chitin that is present in the exoskeletons of shrimps Litopenaeus
vannamei and crabs Ucides cordatus and transforms it into high valued products. One example is the
manufacture of nanomembranes from chitosan for the application in medical textiles.
Nanomembranes using electrospinning of chitosan solutions (7% and 5 wt%) with 100:0 v/v
(TFA/DCM) and 70:30 v/v (TFA/DCM) were produced. Morphological properties of chitin and chitosan
were studied using SEM, DRX, and ther-mal properties through TG/DTG and molecular structure by
FTIR analysis. TG/DTG showed thermal decomposition of chitosan samples. X-ray diffraction analysis
indicated the semi-crystalline structure of chitosan, and highly crystalline structure for chitin.
Morphologies of the nanomembranes were also observed from scanning electron micrographs.
Results showed that the nanomembranes with 5% chitosan solutions with 70:30 v/v (TFA/DCM)
showed facilitation in the formation of the nanomembranes. With positive results obtained, the present
work will help the authorities to organize the fishermen to have consciousness in the collection of
exoskeleton waste as well as helping to have a better environment.

Author (s) Details

Sânia M. B. de Andrade
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

Rasiah Ladchumananandasivam
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

Brismak G. da Rocha
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

Débora D. Belarmino
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

Alcione O. Galvão
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/250