Insects as a Source of Protein for Animal Feed | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 8

 The global demand for animal feed protein is increasing sharply in line with the growth of the world's population and the demand for animal products, which is expected to jump by more than 70% by 2050. Conventional protein sources such as soybean meal and fishmeal face serious limitations due to land degradation, deforestation, and overfishing, posing economic and ecological challenges. In this context, insects are emerging as a strategic alternative with great potential. Studies have shown that insects such as Hermetiaillucens (Black Soldier Fly), Tenebrio molitor (mealworm), Acheta domesticus (cricket), and Musca domestica (maggot) contain high protein (35–65% BK), essential amino acids, lipids, and essential minerals that are competitive with soybeans and fishmeal. In addition to nutritional value, insects also offer environmental advantages through the efficiency of organic waste bioconversion, land and water savings, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Its practical application has been proven in poultry, fish, pigs, ruminants, and pet feed, with promising results for growth, feed efficiency, product quality, and intestinal health. However, a number of challenges still need to be overcome, such as variability in nutritional composition, food safety standards, hygiene issues, and social acceptance and regulations in various countries. With the support of omics research, technological innovation, and the right policy framework, insects have the potential to become game changers in precision feed systems and circular economies. Therefore, the use of insects as a source of feed protein ternak tidak hanya solution teknis, but also an important strategy to support sustainable farming and global food security in the future.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Derek J. Polakitan
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Agustinus N. Kairupan
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Paulus C. Paat
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Achmad Fanindi
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

August L. Polakitan
Research Centre for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Eric E. Malia
Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Herlina N. Salamba
Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Jantje G. Kindangan
Research Center for Macroeconomics and Finance, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6544

An In-Depth Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (BFL) | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 8

Population growth brings a higher standard of living that results in direct or indirect solid waste generation. Solid wastes are generated by the agricultural, commercial, construction, hazardous, industrial, and food sectors. The increase in solid waste generation is caused primarily by the global population growth that resulted in urban sprawl, economic development, and consumerism. Poor waste management has adverse impacts on the environment and human health. The recent years have seen increasing interest in using black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, as an organic waste converter. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) feed voraciously on various types of organic waste, including food wastes, agro industrial by-products, and chicken and dairy manure, and reduce the initial weight of the organic waste by about 50% in a shorter period than conventional composting. The main components of the BSFL system are the larvero, where the larvae feed and grow, and the fly house, where the adults BSF live and reproduce. It is essential to have a rearing facility that maintains healthy adult and larval BSF to provide a sufficient and continuous supply of offspring for organic waste treatment. The BSF organic waste processing facility consists of waste pre-processing, BSFL biowaste treatment, the separation of BSFL from the process residue, and larvae and residue refinement into marketable products. BSFL digest the nutrients in the wastes and convert them into beneficial proteins and fats used to produce animal feed, and BSFL residue can be used as an organic fertilizer. The study concluded that the two main by-products from the BSFL waste treatment system are the larvae and prepupae, which can be used as animal feed, while the residue can be used as organic fertilizer. Generally, the BSF organic waste treatment system is a green technology that reduces organic waste, even if the reduction is on a small scale. This review summarizes the BSFL treatment process to provide an in-depth understanding of the value of its by-products as animal feed and organic fertilizer.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Irfana Kabir Ahmad
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia and Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nur Fardilla Amrul
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia and Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Fatihah Suja
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil
Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nur Asyiqin Azman
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v8/3196