An In-Depth Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (BFL) | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 8

Population growth brings a higher standard of living that results in direct or indirect solid waste generation. Solid wastes are generated by the agricultural, commercial, construction, hazardous, industrial, and food sectors. The increase in solid waste generation is caused primarily by the global population growth that resulted in urban sprawl, economic development, and consumerism. Poor waste management has adverse impacts on the environment and human health. The recent years have seen increasing interest in using black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, as an organic waste converter. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) feed voraciously on various types of organic waste, including food wastes, agro industrial by-products, and chicken and dairy manure, and reduce the initial weight of the organic waste by about 50% in a shorter period than conventional composting. The main components of the BSFL system are the larvero, where the larvae feed and grow, and the fly house, where the adults BSF live and reproduce. It is essential to have a rearing facility that maintains healthy adult and larval BSF to provide a sufficient and continuous supply of offspring for organic waste treatment. The BSF organic waste processing facility consists of waste pre-processing, BSFL biowaste treatment, the separation of BSFL from the process residue, and larvae and residue refinement into marketable products. BSFL digest the nutrients in the wastes and convert them into beneficial proteins and fats used to produce animal feed, and BSFL residue can be used as an organic fertilizer. The study concluded that the two main by-products from the BSFL waste treatment system are the larvae and prepupae, which can be used as animal feed, while the residue can be used as organic fertilizer. Generally, the BSF organic waste treatment system is a green technology that reduces organic waste, even if the reduction is on a small scale. This review summarizes the BSFL treatment process to provide an in-depth understanding of the value of its by-products as animal feed and organic fertilizer.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Irfana Kabir Ahmad
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia and Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nur Fardilla Amrul
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia and Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Fatihah Suja
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nurul Ain Abdul Jalil
Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Nur Asyiqin Azman
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v8/3196

Microbial Wonders: Significant Role in Solid Waste Management | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

The primary objective of this study is to convert the biodegradable solid waste into lactic acid, a precursor of Poly lactic acid- PLA used as bioplastic. Urbanization and population growth have led to an increase in the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) worldwide. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used widely in food microbiology as probiotics and bio preservatives to extend the shelf life of food items. Lactic acid produced by LAB strains are precursor of polylactic acid (PLA) that has growing demand as bioplastics that are biodegradable in nature replacing traditional plastics. Important chemical parameters of the solid waste like phosphate estimation, nitrate estimation, Total organic carbon estimation were done following Indian standard analytical methods. Glucose consumption efficiency of Lacto bacillus sp.in the solid waste substrate was analyzed. Estimation of lactic acid produced was done in UV spectrometric analysis at 390nm using iron lactate formation. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from samples of milk, curd, idli batter and screened for lactic acid production. Solid waste collected was pretreated with dilute acid heating and hydrolysate obtained was used as substrate for lactic acid production under optimized parameters. Three isolates of Lacto bacillus sp. were good producers of lactic acid and utilized biodegradable solid waste in an effective manner. 3-5 gm/lit of lactic acid was produced by the three strains of Lacto bacillus sp. Segregation of domestic solid waste collected, comprised of 40% biodegradable fragment, 40% nondegradable plastic, 20% miscellaneous waste. Lactic acid production from biodegradable portion is a preliminary step experimented in this study progressing in polylactic acid PLA pathway indirectly reducing plastic pollution. In a similar manner, nonbiodegradable plastic waste can be minimized using Exopolysaccharide pathway by Xanthomonas sp. that is reviewed in this study. Disposal of solid waste in an economical and greener way is a smart method of saving environment. Bioconversion of plastic into pseudoplastic xanthan gum by Xanthomonas sp. (through exopolysaccharide pathway) are greener techniques to crush down the accumulated plastic mountains to ground level. Production of lactic acid, precursor of PLA from solid waste is a sustainable &greener method to dispose waste. Bioconversion of plastic into pseudo plastic-xanthan gum is a promising tool to minimize plastic pollution.

Author(s) Details:

Meena, S,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 046, India.

Manimekalan, A.,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 046, India.

Radhakrishnan T.,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 046, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V7/article/view/13336