Placental Abnormality Causing Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane| Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

 

A circumvallate placenta is a form of extrachorial placenta with a raised placental margin in an annular shape. Circumvallate placenta often causes persistent vaginal bleeding beginning in the first trimester, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm delivery, and placental abruption, thus being associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. A case of circumvallate placenta is reported here, which led to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and leakage in a mother at 17 weeks of gestation. She was the second gravida with a 10-year-old healthy daughter. The mother underwent amniocentesis after the triple marker test showed an increased risk for trisomy 21. Difficulty in aspirating amniotic fluid was encountered due to the abnormal placental structure, which was not known at the time of the invasive procedure. The mother experienced leaking 7 days post-procedure, followed by miscarriage. Autopsy examination revealed that the placenta was circumvallate, which not only caused difficulty in aspirating the amniotic fluid but also could be the cause of PPROM, a well-known complication of the circumvallate placenta. This is the first case where difficulty in aspirating amniotic fluid was encountered. The circumvallate placenta group shows poor pregnancy and delivery outcomes. The circumvallate placenta may lead to vaginal bleeding during the second trimester, PPROM, and preterm delivery. This study highlights that examining the placenta is very important to identify the cause of events in certain situations; circumvallate placenta or abnormal placenta can be suspected in cases where hindrance is encountered (not able to aspirate amniotic fluid even if the needle is visible in the amniotic sac) during amniocentesis.

 

Author (s) Details

Kumari Pritti
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

 

Vineet Mishra
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Rohina Aggarwal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

 

Sumesh Choudhary
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/1769

 

Prenatal Diagnosis of Williams Beuren Syndrome | Chapter 13 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 In this division, we explain a rare case of fetal Williams-Beuren syndrome diagnosis (WBS). While fetal diagnosis of WBS is intensely rare, in this case, WBS was found in the early stages of pregnancy. The discovery of fetal hands hypotonia and generalized before birth hypotonia at 17 weeks of gestation was critical. WBS was pinpointed using molecular karyotyping, specifically array comparative genomic combination (arrayCGH) of the fetal DNA. The genetic material was acquired by extracting it from fetal containers, which are abundant in amniotic fluid acquired through amniocentesis. Clinical hypotonia is a clinical feature that is mainly associated with WBS; however, before birth hypotonia has not been distinguished as a diagnostic criterion for the fetal diagnosis of WBS. Keywords: prenatal historical testing, fetal cure specialist, first trimester scan, before birth hypotonia, williams-beuren syndrome.

Author(s) Details:

Nikolaos K. Tsagkas,
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, General Hospital of Agrinion, Greece.

Michail E. Billis,
General Hospital of Filiates, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V6/article/view/10029

Determining the Role of Nuchal Translucency for Detection of Chromosomal Aberration in Vietnam | Chapter 8 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 3

In order to identify chromosomal abnormalities, the current study examines the sensitivity and specificity of various nuchal translucency criteria. The sensitivities of nuchal translucency alone as a screening test for chromosomal abnormality with various cut-offs in a Vietnamese population are being compared for the first time in this study. This is a long-term study of pregnant women who had first trimester screening and ultrasound at the national hospital for obstetrics and gynecology's diagnostic prenatal centre. In order to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, the threshold of 2.5 mm for enhanced foetal nuchal translucency showed a sensitivity-specificity average of 87.25 percent and an OR of 242.799(95 percent CI: 60.004-982.465). In terms of diagnosing Down syndrome, it had an average sensitivity-specificity ratio of 86.85 percent. The average sensitivity-specificity ratio was 87.75 percent when used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities specific to gender. In the diagnosis of other chromosomal aneuploidies, it showed an average sensitivity-specificity ratio of 85.95 percent. It exhibited an average sensitivity-specificity of 84.3 percent and an OR of 62.424 (95 percent CI: 15.583-768.096) for the diagnosis of structural chromosomal rearrangement. More than half of the chromosomally defective group among Vietnam's foetuses with enhanced nuchal translucency had abnormalities other than trisomy 21. (52.2 percent ). The cutoff criterion for diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities is 2.5 mm, with an average sensitivity and specificity of 87.25 percent.

Author(s) Details:

Long Hai Nguyen,

Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.

Cuong Danh Tran,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Anh Toan Ngo,

National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V3/article/view/7386