Trace
metals are present in small amounts in the environment and are ubiquitous. The
geological substrate is typically the primary reservoir of trace elements,
followed by the oceans, soil, biota, and atmosphere. Trace metal contamination
refers to their anthropogenic accumulation, which may or may not cause harm to
the system or organism. Soil is an essential component of natural ecosystems
because environmental sustainability is heavily reliant on a healthy ecosystem.
Pollutants, unlike other environmental components, have a long residence time
in soil. As a result, soil acts as a sink or filter, accumulating pollutants
quickly but depleting them slowly. Effective heavy metal accumulation
monitoring necessitates knowledge of the toxicity threshold limits of these
metals in soils, plants, and animals, including humans. By planning metal
loading rates in such a way that phyto-/zoo-toxic limits of the metals are not
exceeded, these toxicity limits serve a dual purpose of maintaining both soil
and crop productivity. Soil remediation is the process of returning soil to a
state of ecological stability. It supports or is supported to condition prior
to disturbance, along with the establishment of plant communities.
Phytoremediation, which refers to the use of green plants and their associated
microbiota for the in-situ treatment of contaminated soil, is a term used to
describe plant-based bioremediation technologies. Plants have three basic
strategies for growing in metal-contaminated soil, and they are classified as
metal excluders, metal indicators, and metal hyperaccumulators based on this.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increase the capacity of plants to
sequester heavy metals by recycling nutrients, maintaining soil structure,
detoxifying chemicals, and controlling pests. while reducing heavy metal
toxicity by altering their bioavailability Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are soil
microorganisms that form mutual symbiotic relationships with the majority of
higher plants, establishing a direct physical link between soil and plant
roots. The fungi can hasten the regeneration of severely degraded lands, such
as coal mines or waste sites with high levels of heavy metals. Traditionally,
contaminated soils have been improved with amendments such as lime, phosphate,
and organic matter. In general, the addition of lime reduces the
bioavailability of heavy metals.
Author (S) Details
Dr. Amrit Kumar Jha
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Birsa Agricultural University), Sahibganj-816109
(Jharkhand), India.
Mr. Kaushik Chatterjee
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Birsa Agricultural University), Sahibganj-816109
(Jharkhand), India.
Dr. Birendra Kumar Mehta
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Birsa Agricultural University), Sahibganj-816109
(Jharkhand), India.
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