Concept of Pangenome and Its Application in Crop Plants | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Plant Science, Molecular Biology and Health Sector

 

With the advancement of Next Generation Sequencing technology, databases have increased exponentially, resulting in the development of a new discipline, Comparative Genomics. Again, with the wide use of Comparative Genomics, another new discipline has been developed to study the full genetic diversity of a species. The discipline is called Pangenome, which is a combination of three subjects, mainly Genomics, Computational Biology, including Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology. In simple terms Pangenomics is the study of all genetic diversity present within a species or strains of a genus. In the construction of Pangenomics, DNA sequencing is the most important. For this reason, the technique of DNA sequencing has been developed to a large extent.

 

Pangenome is constructed to compare easily with different strains or varieties of the same species or genus. The concept, discovery and application of Pangenomes in plants were discussed in this study. Plant genomes are dynamic with whole genome duplication, tandem duplication, transposable element duplication, chromosomal rearrangements or structural variations like deletion, inversion, translocation and recombination between species. Several methods have already been tried for the improvement of crop plants like Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), QTL mapping, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), Copy number variations and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) by comparing with Reference Genome Assemblies representing the genome sequence of the genome of an individual or organism. But the Reference genome is not able to locate all genetic variations of a species. To overcome this limitation, the concept of Pangenomes may help in crop improvement, which has been discussed. Pangenomic studies have already been done in many crop plants like Rice, Wheat, Maize, Brassica, Soybean, etc. Some of these aspects were discussed. It is important to note that eukaryotic organisms are complex, with certain traits encoded not only by DNA but also by various forms of RNA. While pangenome analyses have already delivered significant benefits in crop science, incorporating both DNA and RNA sequencing into a complete pangenomic model may unlock even greater potential, not just in plant science, but also in animal and human genomics.

Author(s) Details

Professor Satyesh Chandra Roy
Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study for Cell and Chromosome Research, University of Calcutta, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-989371-7-9/CH5

 

A Case Report on Group “G” B-Hemolytic Streptococcus, a New Important Causative Organism of Localised Intra-Abdominal Abscess | Chapter 11 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 The "G" group Streptococcus is a common commensal bacteria that can be found in the skin, throat, gut, appendix, and female genital system. According to our review of the literature, we present the first reported case of a localised intra-abdominal abscess caused by Group g streptoccus (GGS), also seen for the first time in our institution, which is a rare but important cause when the post-operative pyrexia/symptoms do not settle down with rising counts after the requisite surgical procedure-drainage and antibiotic regimens. Blood cultures were negative in our case, but pus culture-liquid subcultures grew large colony gramme positive cocci on the first postoperative day, which were later identified as Group G Streptococcus (GGS) with the sensitivity pattern on the third postoperative day identifying the organism as large-so a good microbiology department team is required, which in our case was instrumental in the mammalian mammalian mammalian mammalian mammalian mammalian This case is being reported because it is unusual. It is gaining relevance as an organism for creating deep-seated abscesses in the body, especially the abdomen, which are generally many or as peritonitis. It is especially observed in diabetics/malignancies/respiratory infections/immunosuppressed/chronic leg ulcers/pet dogs at home. Another important reason for immediate and urgent drainage of abscesses caused by GGS infections that has been mentioned in the literature is that it can lead to a very serious streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with a very fulminant and rapid downhill course with GGS bacteremia having a high 30-day mortality rate of up to 15%.

Author (S) Details

Shiv Chopra
Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110076, India.

V. K. Aneja
Department of Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110076, India.

Raman Sardana
Department of Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110076, India.

Leena Mehndiratta
Department of Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110076, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2890