Determining the Seroprevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Nasarawa State, Central Nigeria |Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of pregnant women causes significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, with some strains much worse than others. HBV is transmitted through blood and body fluids. The infection causes acute or chronic liver diseases, which are a global public health concern. An estimated 257.5 million people were chronically infected worldwide in 2022, with 1.2 million new infections yearly. Its overall prevalence is around 3.2% which varies significantly by region, with the highest prevalence in the Western Pacific and African regions. Nigeria is still considered one of the highly endemic countries with an estimated prevalence of around 9.5% to 13.6% with Nasarawa State in the central region.

 

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and correlates of infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Primary healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

 

Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-eight (338) participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using a systematic sampling method. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture, processed, and tested using a combo kit with five Sero-markers of HBV. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 software was used for analysis.

 

Results: The prevention of HBV infection among pregnant women remains a major source of concern because of the risk of horizontal and vertical transmission of the disease. The findings showed the prevalence of HBV in this study was 8.3%. Only 12.7% had immune antibodies, while 0.6% showed evidence of occult HBV infection. Age group ≤ 25years (P = .03) was significantly associated with the infection. Higher prevalence was found among women who are polygamists (12.5%), Christians (8.7%), Single (20.0%), had only a primary level of education (9.5%), in Business (16.0%), and whose husbands are farmers (12.2%).

 

Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV in this study was 8.3%. The younger age group were associated with HBV infection in the study area. The low number of women with immunity raises a need to advocate for HBV screening and vaccination campaigns in Nasarawa State and Nigeria, while the presence of occult HBV infection raises concern of possible mother-to-child transmission if intervention is not provided. Enhanced HBV infection sensitisation, routine screening at ANC, early vaccination and youth-focused prevention strategy in the community are recommended. The findings in this study are limited by the absence of molecular confirmation of the results, which requires future studies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Samuel Ebuga Emiasegen
Department of Planning, Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, Nasarawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Nigeria.

 

Grace Rinmecit Ishaku Pennap
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Nigeria.

 

Silas Dogara Gyar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6432

Aetiology of Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Northern Ghana | Chapter 13 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This phase evaluated the aetiology of anaemia in significant women in Northern Ghana. Maternal anaemia has significant antagonistic effects on two together mothers and babies. The risk of death with pregnant women accompanying severe anaemia has happened reported expected twice that of mothers outside severe anaemia. This clinic-based cross-divided case-control study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Regional Hospital Bolgatanga (RHB), Ghana, West Africa, from May 2013 to May 2014. A total of 400 meaningful women, comprising 253 anaemic and 147 non-anaemic meaningful women accompanying the antenatal clinic at the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Ghana, were picked for the study. Venous blood was collected and haemoglobin genotype, complete blood count and biochemical limits [ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin satiation (TfS), C-reactive protein (CRP) and bilirubin] were driven. Per the manufacturer's commands, daily quality control checks were gossip control specimens inside specified limits. Thick ancestry films were prepared for malaria parasitemia, while first glance stool and midstream excretion samples were examined for pertaining to the stomach and urogenital parasites, individually. Anaemic pregnant women had a considerably lower mean HGB, HCT, MCV, and MCHC than their non-anaemic counterparts (p<0.0001). Conversely, skilled was a significantly taller mean WBC and RDW amongst anaemic pregnant girls than non-naemic women (p<0.05). There were considerably reduced levels of HGB (p<0.0001), HCT (p<0.0001), MCV (p<0.0001), iron (0.0273), ferritin (p=0.018) and transferrin satiation (0.0391) and an increased WBC (p=0.006), RDW (p=0.0480), TIBC (p=0.0438) and eagerness of CRP in the anaemic group compared to non-anaemic pregnant daughters. Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma hematobium, increased hemoglobinopathies (AS, SS, and SC), and stomach parasite contaminations were associated with anaemic women. Iron inadequacy is linked to a notable division in haematological and iron indices in meaningful women the one are anaemic. Hemoglobinopathies and parasite infections further confuse this outcome.

Author(s) Details:

Benjamin Ahenkorah,
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga-Upper East Region, Ghana.

Gideon Helegbe,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Edmund Muonir Der,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Nana Obema Asantewaa Emba,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Addai-Mensah Donkor,
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Winfred Ofosu,
Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Priscilla Arthur Johnson,
School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Bernard Kwaku Okai,
Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Ghana.

 
Ana Maria Simono,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Kwame Opare-Asamoah,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Regina Frimpong Udzu,
Department of Biology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

Akatibo Emmanuel,
Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Eric Faakuu,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Edwin Anum Ogoe,
Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Jones Dorkenoo,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Samuel Bimpong,
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Emmanuel Danquah Kyere,
School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Ussiph Adam,
Ghana Health Service, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Ben Gyan,
Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12565

Detection of IgG and IgM Antibodies Anti- T. gondii and Associated Risk Factor in Pregnant Women in Bangui, Central African Republic| Chapter 10 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Objective: The objective concerning this study was to determine the immune response right gondii and associated risk determinant in pregnant wives in Bangui.Materials and Methods: This study used backward-looking analysis to review the records of pregnant girls who had fetal consultations in the maternity custody of the Bangui Community Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019. From January to June 2021, sociodemographic facts, laboratory data (IgM and IgG answers to T. gondii), and HIV serology results were assembled. Chi2 analysis was approved.Results: In this chapter, A total of 307 pregnant wives were analyzed. The average age of the daughters included was 28 (±6) age. The average parity of the complete sample was 2.18 (±1.93). The infection rate of toxoplasmosis was 14.65%. Women with a certain IgM reaction clarified 17.58%, while those with a definite IgG response justified 42.99%. 5.86% of patients tested helpful for HIV. Patients aged 20 to 29 had a serological sketch that indicated a likely ongoing infection (p = 0.010). With no statistically significant dissimilarity (p = 0.23), the paucipares were more represented. Pregnant mothers were not substantially more inclined contract toxoplasmosis (p = 0.96). Immunized and unimmunized patients were unprotected in the same way [OR = 0.97; CI 95% 0.4 = 6 - 2.05]. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is especially hazardous during pregnancy. Seroprevalence was considerably greater between those aged 20 to 24. Whether or either women were inoculated, they were likewise exposed. This makes necessary the establishment of a distinguishing illness prevention program.

Author(s) Details:

Wilfrid Sylvain Nambei,

Department of Science Biomedical, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Junior Ouefio Nguerenam,

Department of Science Biomedical, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Edwige Régina Kodia-Lenguetama,

National Center of Blood Donor’s, Ministry of Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Arsène Gbamonza,

Community Hospital of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V3/article/view/11243

Evaluation of Immunity against Rubella in Pregnant Women in Bangui, Central African Republic| Chapter 6 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune status of pregnant women in Bangui.

Materials and Methods: This analytical retrospective study reviewed the medical records of pregnant patients who sought prenatal care at the maternity ward of the Bangui Community Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. From January to June 2021, sociodemographic information as well as laboratory data (IgM and IgG) were gathered. It used the Chi2 test.

Results: A total of 289 pregnant women were analyzed. Women with an IgM+ response ac- counted for 4.15%. Those with an IgG+ were 14.87%. According to the distribution by age group, patients between the ages of 20 and 24 and 25 and under both had a rubella pro- file, indicating a persistent infection (p = 0.010). The age of the included women was 28 (6) years on average. For the full sample, the parity was 2.18 (1.93), on average. Pregnant women were not significantly more likely to contract the rubella virus at any age (p = 0.96; ORbrut = 1.03; CI95% = [0.32 - 3.34]).  Both immunized and non-immunized individuals are similarly exposed [OR = 0.86; 95% IC95% =0.44 - 1.68] with no difference (p = 0.96).

Conclusion: Rubella infection is especially dangerous when it arises during pregnancy. To rule out the possibility of rubella embryopathy, all girls of reproductive age should be tested for immunization.

Author(s) Details:

Wilfrid Sylvain Nambei,

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Junior Nguerenam-Ouefio,

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Arsène Gbamonza,

Communautaire Hospital of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Edwige Régine Kodia-Lenguetama,

National Center of Blood Donors’, Ministry of Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V3/article/view/11239

Patterns of Pregnant Anaemic Women's Drug Use | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Anemia is a accepted disease between pregnant mothers in the country. This research aimed to analyze drug custom patterns and improve drug excerpt for anaemic pregnant mothers. The study involved 300 significant women old 17-38 in their first to ninth month of gestation. Medical records were analyzed, and drug prescriptions were determined. Of the participants, 176 had iron inadequacy anemia, 99 had blade cell blood deficiency, and 20 had folate deficiency anemia. The rest had source of nourishment B12 deficiency, hemolytic blood deficiency, or beta-thalassemia. The average number of drugs likely per patient was 3-4, with a weekly cost of 920.68 Rs. The most commonly recommended drugs were vitamin C and multivitamin B complex (MVBC). However, vitamin C is a Category C drug that can be harmful to the blastosphere, followed by MVBC. The research presented that anaemia was common in the second trimester, accompanying one-after second of the patients having incise cell anaemia. According to the dossier, vitamin C, calcium, and MVBC were ultimate commonly arbitrary drugs, despite the risks they bestowed to the fetus according to USFDA tests. Thus, it is crucial to judge drug safety before prescribing bureaucracy to pregnant daughters. Overall, this study highlights the significance of careful drug selection to guarantee the safety of two together the mother and the embryo in anaemic pregnant wives.

Author(s) Details:

Rajesh Hadia,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Rahul Trivedi,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Cyril Sajan,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Varunsingh Saggu,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Baile,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Kardani,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Hemraj Singh Rajput,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V7/article/view/10568

Covid-19 Infection among Pregnant Women: An Overview of Diagnosis, Treatment and Clinical Management| Chapter 5 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 6

 Unnatural extermination refers to premature dying intentional or unintentional on account of external causes that can be powerful, mutilating or destructive. The present study was attended in the Deptt. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Govt. Medical College, Jammu in an attempt to explore pattern of unnatural oblivion in Jammu Province. The main aim of this study search out analyze various causes of unnatural afterlife and its epidemiological aspects that will help us in identifying the risks of artificial deaths to enhance overall planning and allow to prevent avoidable fatality.

Author(s) Details:

Laxmi Pattanashetti,
Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubli. (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Karnataka, India.

Santosh B. Patil,
Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubli. (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Karnataka, India.

Sanath Nyamgouda,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubli. (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Karnataka, India.

Mahendrakumar R. Bhagiratha,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubli. (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Karnataka, India.

Pramod C. Gadad,
Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Hubli. (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi), Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V6/article/view/9150

Utilization Pattern of Antenatal Care Services among Pregnant Women in Rural Area of Guntur District, A.P., India| Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 The present long study climaxes the sketch of antenatal care taken by significant girls in land distant from settled area of Guntur District, A.P., India. Pregnancy and parturition are meaningful achievements in the lives of daughters and their offspring. This maybe a ending of huge forethought and hope.  This lengthwise study was attended in Prathipadu center that is a country field practice district of Dept of Community Medicine, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur (A.P.) all the while 2019. All daughters (n =110) from country field practice region of Dept of Community Medicine the one were meaningful in the beginning of the study. Most of the significant wives (93.27%) were recorded for antenatal care, but only 26.36% of bureaucracy were recorded in the 1st trimester of gestation. As regard to TT additional dose of vaccine, 75% of the meaningful daughters had taken 2 doses or 1 additional dose of vaccine. Iron and Folic Acid supplementation was captured by 59.62% of the significant mothers. Nearly 45.19 % of meaningful wives were ready adequate antenatal care. The main antenatal care householder for significant girls was doctor (70.19%). The level of agreement accompanying iron supplementation with the meaningful wives was reduced. The causes for depressed agreement prefer belongings to iron tablets. The knowledge of wives has meaningful concerning antenatal care of meaningful wives. Thus, measures bear be selected for reconstructing female learning.

 Author(s) Details:

Pravin N. Yerpude,
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.), India.

Keerti S. Jogdand,
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V7/article/view/8647

Evaluating the Association of TORCH Infection with Bad Obstetric History among Pregnant Women in India | Chapter 9 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

Congenital infections are those that can spread from the mother to the foetus in gestation and have major consequences for the developing foetus. These illnesses are referred to as TORCH infections because they involve toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and types 1 and 2 of the herpes simplex virus. Early prenatal diagnosis and appropriate care help avoid congenital infections.

This study's objective was to assess the relationship between TORCH infection and a poor obstetric history in pregnant women. This research involves observation and comparison.

Between April 2020 and September 2021, this study was carried out in the Central Laboratory Section of the Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College and Attached Group of Hospitals, Jaipur (Rajasthan).

260 pregnant women had blood samples collected (130 with a negative obstetric history and 130 without a negative obstetric history). In addition to ELISA for Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, chemiluminescence was utilised to identify IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus.

According to the study's findings, 17.19% of high-risk pregnant women had overall TORCH IgM seropositivity. IgM seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii was 3.84 percent (P value.02), rubella was 2.34 percent (P value.30), cytomegalovirus was 5.47 percent (P value.08), and herpes-1 and 2 infections were 6.25 percent (P value.56) in pregnant women with a poor obstetric history. IgG seropositivity for toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegal (P value .11), 48.44% (P value.53), and 98.44% (P value.55), respectively. IgM and IgG seropositivity for toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes virus were 0/0.77 percent, 0.76/97.69 percent, 1.53/99.23 percent, and 4.61/44.62 percent, respectively, in pregnant women without a negative obstetric history.

It has been determined that TORCH infection is contagious in-utero during the whole course of pregnancy and results in catastrophic consequences for both mother and baby. Therefore, for a healthy pregnancy and improved foetal outcomes, early diagnosis and fast treatment are essential.

Author(s) Details:

Bhanu Priya Panwar,

Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Attached group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Rameshwari Bithu,

Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Attached group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Manju Yadav,

Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Attached group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari,

Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Attached group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Bharti Malhotra,

Department of Microbiology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Attached group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V8/article/view/7235