Application of Artificial Intelligence for Histopathological Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 This chapter outline the histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the basics of artificial intelligence (AI), and review recent progress concerning the application of AI in the pathological diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH. NAFLD/NASH is associated with metabolic syndrome and is rapidly increasing globally with a surge in the prevalence of obesity. Although non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH has risen, the pathological evaluation of liver biopsy specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD/NASH. However, the pathological diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH relies on the subjective judgment of the pathologist, which results in non-negligible inter-observer variations. AI is an emerging tool in pathology that assists in diagnosis with high objectivity and accuracy. An increasing number of studies have reported the usefulness of AI in the pathological diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH, and our group has already used it in animal experiments. The use of AI in the pathological diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH is expected to advance from laboratory research to human clinical trials in the near future. AI offers great promise in overcoming the lack of objectivity and poor inter-observer agreement in the pathological diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and warrants further research.

Author(s) Details:

Yoshihisa Takahashi,
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.

Erdenetsogt Dungubat,
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.

Hiroyuki Kusano,
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/12954

Overview of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Histology | Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder in which a person's liver accumulates excessive fat despite never having consumed excessive alcohol. Simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are two types of this disease (NASH). NAFLD/NASH is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of paediatric NAFLD has increased in recent years, along with the prevalence of childhood obesity. Pediatric NAFLD is thought to affect between 2.6 and 9.6 percent of children, and it is associated to sex, age, and ethnicity. When it comes to the aetiology of NAFLD, the "two-hit" model is widely accepted, and oxidative stress is thought to play a crucial role in the second hit. Despite the importance of clinical symptoms, test data, and imaging studies in diagnosing NAFLD/NASH, liver biopsy remains the gold standard. Furthermore, a liver biopsy is required to determine the degree of necro-inflammatory alteration and fibrosis in NASH patients. Type 1 and type 2 NASH are the two types of steatohepatitis, with type 2 NASH being present in up to 51% of juvenile NAFLD patients. However, as we and others have observed, type 1 and 2 patterns frequently overlap. Despite the fact that medicine has been studied in clinical trials, the core of NAFLD/NASH treatment remains diet and exercise.

Author(s) Details

Yoshihisa Takahashi
Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.

Toshio Fukusato
Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.

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Potential Targets for Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Review | Chapter 6 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is a common illness that can develop to serious liver problems such hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular cancer. Sedentary behaviour and a high-calorie diet are the most typical causes. There is currently no FDA-approved medicine to treat NAFLD in the United States, leaving only dietary changes, increased physical activity, exercise, and antioxidants as possibilities. The Drug Controller General of India (DGCI) authorised Saroglitazar Mg as a new drug application (NDA) to treat NAFLD in India in December 2020. The pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, and prospective targets for NAFLD prevention and treatment are all detailed in this review.

Author (s) Details

Jarnail Singh Braich
Department of Pharmacology, Pt BD Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak-124001 (IN), India.

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Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review | Chapter 4 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a liver disease caused by metabolic dysfunction that has become one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver transplantation in the United States. The two most common risk factors for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are obesity and insulin resistance, with patients frequently exhibiting metabolic syndrome symptoms. Patients who can modify these risk factors and are identified early in the course of their disease can experience histological improvement, including fibrosis arrest or improvement. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is linked to coronary artery, carotid artery, and peripheral vascular disease, with coronary artery disease being the most common cause of death. Despite the completion of several clinical trials evaluating a wide range of drugs aimed atOther than risk factor management, there is currently no approved treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development and progression. However, several promising clinical trials are currently underway, and the future appears bright. This article will discuss the most recent and significant medical advances in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Author (S) Details

Sandeep Mukherjee
Department of Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Omaha, NE 68124, United States.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V7/article/view/1841