A Brief Review on Extraction and Use of Pectin from Natural Sources | Chapter 6 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 5

Pectin of various strengths, as well as pectin of various standards or derivatives with simple qualities, are in high demand. Pectin is a biodegradable polymer with natural sources that is often used as a food component in jellies, syrups, and dairy products for its densification, gelling, and emulsifying characteristics. Some parameters, such as the extraction process requirements, must boost the stability of the reaction by releasing high solvent polymers with negative charges and hydrolyzing the glycoside or ester link to obtain a considerable yield of high-quality pectin. As a result, time, temperature, and HNO3 concentration are independent variables. This review will focus on contemporary investigations of pectin recovery from plant materials (purification and fractionation), as well as developments in the physical, chemical, and functional aspects of pectin.

Author (S) Details

Selma Yarligan Uysal

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Robina Maihan

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan.

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Potentiality of Lipase in the Bioconversion Processes of Vegetable Oils from the Amazon | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 Amazonian vegetable oils can be used as raw materials for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and human and animal feeding. The region has long provided natural, unprocessed raw materials with no additional value. As a result, developing (bio) technical processing of these inputs and commercialising them with high added value is strategic. The industrial scale synthesis and manufacturing of molecules with high added value, such as lipases, dyes, functional foods, and cosmetics, might support the sensible use of Amazonian biodiversity as a source of "fine chemicals," so consolidating the region's modern bioindustry.

Author (s) Details

André Luis Willerding
Centro de Biotecnologia da Amazônia (CBA) Av. Gov. Danilo Areosa 217 (Distrito Industrial) 1761, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Cassiane Minelli-Oliveira
Universidade Paulista – Manaus (UNIP) Av. Mario Ypiranga, 4390, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Luiz Antonio de Oliveira
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Av. André Araújo, 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

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Understanding Sustainable Development | Chapter 7 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

Sustainable growth refers to growth that does not affect natural resources. It can also be defined as a growth that meets the requirements of the present without sacrificing the potential of future generations. The goal of this study is to review and synthesise the literature on sustainable development pillars and models. The revenue from the literature showed that a number of authors agree that creation of sustainability can be classified into three I environmental sustainability (organic raw material production, management of agricultural water), (ii) social sustainability (accessibility of nutritious food to different generations) and (iii) economic sustainability (participation and cooperation from small businesses). Theories and ideas previously existed that allowed people to choose between environmental protection and growth. With the implementation of sustainable growth, human communities are building a bright and stable future. Equal focus must be paid to the three pillars of economic, social and environmental development in order to achieve sustainable development. In solving the problems of climate change and global warming, sustainable development is seen as the solution. The protection of biodiversity, water supplies, the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the promotion of sustainable agriculture are some of the most critical aspects of sustainable development and should be at the forefront of promoting the idea of sustainable development.

Author (s) Details

Cliff Sibusiso Dlamini
Center for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development for Southern Africa (CCARDESA), Plot 4701 Station Exit Road, Private Bag 00357, Gaborone, Botswana.

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Discussion on Why Most of the African Countries are Poor | Chapter 13 | New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 4

 According to most paleoanthropologists, Africa is known to be the second largest continent in the world that hosts a lot of ethnicities, cultural diversities, and also the oldest inhabited region on earth. A continent rich in oil and natural resources that holds a strategic position but is still poor and stagnant in development. The fastest-growing foreign direct investment area in the world, comprising nearly 30 percent of the world 's remaining mineral resources, with a history of low resource extraction. Africa remains the poorest continent in the world, considering all the wealthy resources in its hands. The goal of this book is to highlight the reasons why most African countries are poor.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Julius Kwasi Ofori
Department of Social Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University in Kumasi, Ghana.

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