Usefulness of Dark Field Microscopy in the Epidemiological Study of Leptospirosis in Human Patients with Pyrexia | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 

The present retrospective study was carried out to assess the prevalence of leptospirosis and the associated risk factors in the epidemiology of the disease. Human leptospirosis is an anthropozoonoses. The disease is grossly underreported in India as diagnosis is often challenging due to its protean clinical manifestations in tropical countries and the lack of simple diagnostic measures

for early detection and control of the infection. In India is still being underreported though it has gained extreme public health importance, because of huge livestock and rodent populations and poor sanitary conditions. Fresh serum samples from 1730 human cases of different age and occupational groups, and either sex, with PUO or manifesting signs suggestive of leptospirosis were

received by the Leptospirosis Laboratory at the Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal from various hospitals in and around Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu from June 2008 to May 2012. The study revealed a positivity of 51.7 % was observed and 85 % of the positive cases manifested a milder anicteric

leptospirosis. High positivity was observed in truck drivers (65.8%), age group of <20 years (55.4%), males (54.0%) and north-east monsoon (53.2%). From the calculated relative risk (RR), a strong positive association could be observed between truck drivers and males with the occurrence of leptospirosis. A prompt epidemiological investigation in susceptible animal populations along with an

unequivocal diagnosis of positives in humans exposed to the risk factors, in association with the periodical vaccination of susceptible animals and control of rodents, could possibly halt the emergence of the disease. The present study could identify the risk factors and a one health approach is required to create awareness among the public on zoonotic diseases including risk factors, and  prevention and control measures.

 

Authro(s) Details

Dr. S. Saravanan
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002, India.

G. Selvaraju
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002, India.

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v3/289

Understanding Pelger Huët Cell | Chapter 04 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 A morphologically aberrant neutrophil characterises the Pelger-Hut anomaly (PHA), an autosomal dominant disease. Pelger-Heut cell (PHC) is a type of aberrant neutrophil with a distinct physical appearance. Understanding this unique cell type is critical since distinguishing it from its imitators poses a diagnostic hurdle. This page covers the history of PHA, its pathophysiology, and how to tell the difference between congenital and acquired PHA, as well as its morphological variants. In a 70-year-old man with Leptospirosis who presented a spectrum of dysplastic neutrophils with unilobed, unilobed intended, and bilobed pelgeroid cells in the peripheral smear, we present a fascinating case of pseudo-PHA.

Author(S) Details

T. Ayeesha Sithika
Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, India.

Priavadhana Rajan Prasaad
ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V4/article/view/6366

Leptospirosis in Pigs: A Silent Economic Drawback in Piggery Industry | Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 The epidemiology of Leptospirosis in pigs is discussed in this chapter. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic illness spread over the world caused by the genus Leptospira. The disease is endemic to tropical areas and affects both wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. Pigs from intensively confined, free-range, and feral environments can become infected if they come into direct or indirect contact with infected reservoir host animal urine. Leptospirosis in pigs manifests itself in a variety of ways, ranging from asymptomatic to chronic, depending on the infecting serovar and the age of the animals. Pig productivity loss is linked to chronic manifestations such as placentitis, abortions, stillbirths, infertility, and poor neonatal pigs. Culture, molecular technique, and serology are among the laboratory tests used to diagnose leptospirosis. Tetracyclines, dihydrostreptomycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, and erythromycin are examples of antibiotics that can be used to treat the condition. Vaccination, water sanitation, rodent control, and farm hygiene are all leptospirosis control measures.

Author (s) Details

Machunda Ndazi
Department of Biosciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Beda John Mwang’onde
Department of Biosciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2416