Human–Leopard Conflict and Coexistence: A Case Study from Gir Somnath, Gujarat, India | Chapter 4 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Globally, the escalation of human-wildlife conflict poses a severe threat to both biodiversity conservation and the livelihoods of rural communities. In the semi-arid landscapes of Western India, the proximity of human settlements to protected areas has created complex dynamics of co-existence and confrontation. This study assesses the diel and seasonal patterns of human-leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) conflict in the Gir Somnath district of Gujarat, utilising a comprehensive dataset spanning a decade (2014–2023). By integrating secondary records from the Gujarat Forest Department with primary field observations and community discussions, we identified critical spatio-temporal hotspots. Analysis reveals that regions like Gir Gadhada (29%) and Talala (18%) are particularly vulnerable due to their forest-fringe location. While winter saw a peak in 2023, the monsoon remains the most consistently hazardous season over the 10-year period. Chronobiological findings highlight a significant nocturnal bias, with most incidents occurring between 12:00 AM and 6:00 AM, a period when leopards frequently visit settlements or multiple-use zones in search of prey. The study advocates for a shift from traditional mitigation to adaptive conservation strategies, emphasising the importance of "relief" mechanisms and nocturnal vigilance to foster a balanced co-existence.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Rahul B. Solanki
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Noble University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat State, India.

 

Vibhuti B. Raval
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Noble University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat State, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7129

 

Assessment of Human Seroprevalence of Sparganosis in a Population of Rural Communities of Northern Tanzania | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 In this study, human seroprevalence of sparganosis and allure relationship accompanying sociodemographic factors in a population of country communities of Northern Tanzania was evaluated. A total of 216 human serum samples from inmates in Monduli and Babati districts were composed and tested for sparganosis using an something which incites activity-linked immunosorbent assay. The result of seroprevalence of antagonistic-sparganum IgG antibodies was 62.5% (95% confidence [CI] =56.1 – 68.9) thoroughly age groups. The result showed meaningful associations between sectors (relative risk [RR] =1.95, 95% CI = 1.42 – 2.69), education (RR=1.40, 95% CI =1.15 – 1.70), and petownership had seropositivity (RR= 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.16) established univariate analysis. However, Monduli precinct residents were significantly guide seropositivity (odds percentage = 4.20, 95% CI =1.89 -9.32) in binary logistic reversion analysis. Therefore, providing fitness education to people populating in these two districts native in sparganosis can improve deterrent measures and reduce the human disease burden.

Author(s) Details:

Nicholas Jairo Kavana,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Tanzania.

Parthasarathy Sonaimuthu,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Christopher Kasanga,
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Ayub Kassuku,
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Endemic and Tropical Diseases Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Mun Yik Fong,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Mohammad Behram Khan,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Rohela Mahmud,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Yee Ling Lau,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V5/article/view/10117

Human Filariasis Diagnosed by Modified Knott Technique Randomly in Iraq: A Recent Study| Chapter 9 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 The current study proposed to the detection of Microfilariae in persons for clinically unsuspected cases haphazard samples and for different ages; Applied reduced Knott technique for the first be present at Iraq; secondhand three types of stains for blood samples and condensation the results. A total of 103 blood samples active and patient people, the current study told to 37 (35.92%) were infected accompanying Filariasis. The current study recorded definite rates for four groups of ages: children (5-15 old age), young (16-27 year), Adult (28-49 old age) and old (50 old age & above) that the higher rate 55.55% in kids group. The detail of action test revealed non-meaningful differences ‘tween ages of positive samples for Filariasis. The current study disclosed out of 56 antitoxin samples of male 19 were positive (33.92%) and consumed 47 serum sample of female 18 were beneficial (38.29) for Filariasis. The statistic test told non-significant dissimilarities ‘tween male and female. The current study applied three types of stains Methylene vulgar, Giemsa and Lieshmen for compression; all ruling class appeared definite rates 38.15%, 35.71% and 23.07% respectively This study written three genera of filariae in accordance with the morphological traits (Brugia, Mansonella and Wucheraria).

Author(s) Details:

Afkar M. Hadi,
Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Farah A. Al-Zahawi,
College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V1/article/view/8990

The Development of Long-term Vaccine against Viral Respiratory Infection is Difficult, What is the Enduring Solution?| Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

 Safe and persuasive vaccine formation is very main for viral respiratory contamination which is more an ambiguous process. There are many difficulties in the growth of effective vaccine in the way that regular mutations in viruses and lacking of general immunity. To prevent the difficulties in vaccine growth against viral respiratory contamination evolution of mucosal vaccine plays an main role in protection against these aggressive infections. In mucosal privilege, memory CD8+ T cell public play a crucial role in bearing high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-ϒ) and tumor loss factor (TNF) concede possibility be essential for protection as well as thought CD8+ T cell being able to evoke long-lived immunity. Hence, the theory related to the study novel form of combination in between viroporin as an antigenic ground or vaccine candidate secondhand with immunotherapeutic adjuvant (OX40 or OX40 and OX40L complex or IL12) concede possibility become to resolve the development of a general immunity holding vaccine.

Author(s) Details:

Rudra Prasad Roy,
Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India.

Laxmi Devi,
Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V1/article/view/8989

Assessment of Viral Diversity Confers Outbreak: The History of the Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus 2 in India | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 The global pandemic was caused by a novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. In Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-1 (Wuhan-Hu1) is transmitted from bats to humans. Then it moved from Wuhan to Europe, Asia, and Africa, causing a catastrophic outbreak. SARS-CoV-2, a genetically varied version of SARS-CoV-1, is the virus spreading in India. With verified instances in practically every country around the world, the virus is extremely contagious and spreads quickly from person to person, posing a new global public health problem. By attaching to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, the virus infects human respiratory epithelial cells. COVID-19 has no definitive treatment at the moment, though various medications are being researched. This book chapter examines the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, highlighting epidemiology, pathophysiology, and preventative efforts, as well as current scientific progress in combating the pandemic new coronavirus. Because knowledge about this virus is continually evolving, readers are recommended to keep up to current on it on a frequent basis. In India, epidemic management measures include setting up a laboratory for diagnosis, social distancing, travel bans, digital contact tracing, and complete lockdown. In several states of India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the Government of India is actively engaged in epidemic measures.

Author(S) Details

Sushanta Kumar Barik
ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Taj-Ganj, Agra-282004, Uttar-Pradesh, India.

Keshar Kunja Mohanty
ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Taj-Ganj, Agra-282004, Uttar-Pradesh, India.

Sashi Bhushan Mohapatra
Department of Zoology, Banki Autonomous College, Banki, Cuttack, Odisha-754008, India.

Srikanta Jena
Department of Zoology, School of Life sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Odisha, India.

Shripad A. Patil
ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Taj-Ganj, Agra-282004, Uttar-Pradesh, India.

Srikanth Prasad Tripathy
National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis Chetpet, Tamil Nadu-600031, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5027

Determining the Behaviour of Wild Plants’ Use in Meru, Kenya | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 The ethnobotanical record resulting from interactions between the Meru people and their wild plants reveals a strong reliance on medicinal and non-medicinal plant uses. Wild plants are increasingly being used for medicine, food, material, social purposes, construction, fuel, environmental beauty, and wind and dust breaks in this part of Africa. Medicine made from wild plants is beginning to compete with conventional medicines in the fight against diseases and ailments. The presence of numerous plant species growing in the area with which humans have interacted for centuries emphasizes the reliance. Indeed, the favorable climate for equatorial forests, where temperatures favor the development of many plant species, contributes to this region's status as a pharmacy in the making. A total of 567 plant specimens collected from three districts in the greater Meru area have been reported to be used to cure a variety of diseases as well as to meet other non-medicinal needs such as fruit, fuel, and building materials. and supplies Data gathered through structured interviews with respondents in the region reveal significant factors that play significant roles in people's lives, influencing their social and cultural behavior. It is concluded that the use of medicinal plants as a supplement to primary health care in Meru is observed and documented among the people. The people's extensive knowledge of useful plants and their medicinal properties was said to date back several generations.

Author (S) Details

Alfreda Kajira Ibui
Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V3/article/view/1600