Nano-Formulation and Preclinical Study of Dihydroartemisinin-Lumefantrine Antimalarial Drug | Chapter 1 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 6

 

Artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs) are currently recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of both complicated and uncomplicated malaria. A mixture of artemisinin and lumefantrine is considered the first-line antimalarial drug in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, antimalarial drugs are presently being faced with some challenges including low aqueous solubility, non-specificity, low bioavailability, increased dose frequency to maintain the drug therapeutic level in the blood plasma, and poor drug release profile. Drug nanoformulation in a suitable drug carrier system has been expansively studied and shown to improve the drug release profile, and drug aqueous solubility, reducing dose frequency which in turn reduces the drug toxicity and enhances drug bioavailability, hence improving drug efficacy. This work was aimed at designing, nano-formulating, and characterizing DHA-LUM double nano-formulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) (DHA-LUM SLNs) as a potential drug-delivery system. SLNs were prepared by a modified single solvent extraction method based on a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion. The mean zeta potential, polydispersity index, and particle size of the DHA-LUM SLNs were 308.4±3.8 nm, 0.29±0.02, and -16.0±1.3 mV respectively. The encapsulation efficiencies of DHA and LUM in the double nano-formulated drug were 93.92±0.47% and 33.65±1.58% respectively while the loading capacities for DHA and LUM were 11.87±0.0% and 24.10±2.88% respectively. DHA and LUM drugs followed the Kors-Peppas drug release model in the in-vitro drug release studies with a steady drug release recorded for over 72 hours. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope showed smooth spherical-shaped DHA-LUM-SLNs. The FTIR overlay spectra showed great similarity in the peak bands of the empty and drug-loaded nanoparticles. The drug-loaded nanoparticles showed less pronounced peaks as compared to DHA and LUM-free drugs. This showed a successful nano-formulation process. The nanoformulated DHA-LUM-SLNs were 31% more effective as compared with conventional oral dose tested in Plasmodium berghei-infected Swiss albino mice. This study showed a successful method for double nano-formulation of the antimalarial drug.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Pesila Akeyo Odera
School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Geoffrey Otieno
School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Joab Otieno Onyango
School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

James Jorum Owuor
School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Florence Anyango Oloo
School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya and Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences, Strathmore University Medical Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Martin Ongas
Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences, Strathmore University Medical Centre, Nairobi, Kenya and Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Jeremiah Gathirwa
Centre of Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Bernhards Ogutu
Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences, Strathmore University Medical Centre, Nairobi, Kenya and Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v6/1044

Electronic, Nonlinear Optical, Reactivity and Solubility Analysis of the Antimalarial Drug Dihydroartemisinin Functionalized on Carbon Nanotube: DFT Study | Chapter 3 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 The purpose of the current study search out enhance the intend distribution of the dihydroartemisinin (DHA) drug and model novel nanometric compounds for use in nanotechnologies by functionalizing DHA on the (5,5) single divider carbon nanotube (SWCNT, C60H20) promoting the 1,3-diploar cycloaddition (DC) reaction of azomethine ylide. To analyze the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) as a nanovector for the engaged delivery of the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin, density working theory (DFT) estimates of the drug were performed in vapor phase and liquid. According to the geometric addition's findings, DHA's microscopic structure is unmoved by functionalization. Based on the findings of binding and solvation strengthes, two energetically fixed configurations were identified in 1st (fCNT1-2) and 2nd (2fCNT1-2) functionalization. For these fixed configurations, the energy break value goes from 1.52 eV for the (5,5) distinct wall clean CNT to 1.27 eV for the 1st functionalization and to 1.06 eV for the 2nd functionalization regardless of the considered publishing; which gives these nanostructures wonderful semiconductor properties. Global sensitivity descriptor results disclose that the functionalized CNT has significantly improved reactivity bankrupt conditions what the functionalization of DHA has decreased establishment while increasing responsiveness to stimuli. Thus, the fundamental gap (Ef) in vapor phase decreases from 3.65 eV for mother of jesus CNT to 3.30 eV for fCNT2 and to 3.02 eV for 2fCNT2. On the contrary, in water Ef goes from 1.20 eV for the virgin CNT to 0.95 eV for fCNT2 and to 0.74 eV for 2fCNT2; professed an improvement in the responsiveness to stimuli of the investigated fCNTs as nanovectors for targeted transfer of DHA drug. Finally, the results of this study display that these nanostructures could still have favorable NLO traits, making them conceivably useful fabrics for NLO applications.

Author(s) Details:

D. Fouejio,
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Y. Tadjouteu Assatse,
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

R. A. Yossa Kamsi,
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

G. W. Ejuh,
Department of General and Scientific Studies, University of Dschang, IUT-FV Bandjoun, P.O. Box 134, Bandjoun, Cameroon and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.

J. M. B. Ndjaka,
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V4/article/view/12095