Exploring the Antifungal Potential of Plant Extracts against Pathogenic Fungi | Chapter 1 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

 

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro potential of aqueous extracts of plant leaves to inhibit pathogenic fungi. The activities of plant extracts have been shown to be environmentally friendly and effective against plant pathogens. The effect of leaf extract and concentration on growth inhibition of organism I (Aspergillus flavus) in vitro revealed that a concentration of 100g/mL, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) gave the highest growth inhibition (59.14) followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (NLE) (49.70) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract (BLE) (45.84) respectively while the least growth inhibition on organism 1 (Aspergillus flavus) was by MLE at concentration of 40 g/mL (30.11) followed by NLE at 60 g/mL (32.11) and BLE at 40 g/mL (40.13). On organism 2 (Penicillium waksmanii), MLE at a concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest growth inhibition of (50.49) followed by NLE (49.01) and BLE (36.72) respectively while the least inhibition on growth of organism 2 in vitro was by BLE at concentration of 60 g/mL (16.05) followed by MLE (40.70) and NLE (40.70) at concentration of 80 g/mL respectively. On organism 3 (Botryodiplodia theobromae), MLE at concentration of 100 g/mL gave the highest inhibition of growth (57.00) followed by NLE (52.71) and BLE (50.15) respectively while the least inhibition on growth of organism 3 in vitro was by BLE at 40 g/mL (21.50) followed by MLE at 60 g/mL (31.06) and NLE at 40 g/mL (41.89). On organism 4 (Fusarium oxysporum), the BLE at 100 g/mL (44.41) while MLE showed the least growth inhibition at 60 g/mL (24.04) followed by BLE at 40 g/mL (26.60) and NLE at 40 g/mL (30.12). The aqueous extracts of leaves of Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina were found to be effective in inhibiting the radial growth of the fungal organisms in vitro, with inhibition varying from one extract to another. NLE showed the highest grand inhibitory effect of extract concentration on growth inhibition of organism 5 (Colletotrichum asianum) in vitro at 100 g/mL (53.68) followed by MLE at 100 g/mL (51.51) and BLE at 100 g/mL (40.94). The least inhibitory effect on the growth of organism 5 in vitro was by BLE at 80 g/mL (21.26) followed by NLE at 40 g/mL (22.25) and MLE at 40 g/mL (32.69). The controls ranged from 2.23 to 4.31 across all extract concentrations and fungal isolates. There were significant differences in growth inhibition between extract concentrations and their controls on all fungal isolates. The use of plant extracts provides an alternative means for controlling plant pathogenic fungi. This is an important step in developing plant-based biopesticides as ideal treatments for future plant disease management programmes. These botanicals are not only environmentally friendly, cost-effective, easy to produce and easy to apply formulations, but they are also safe for consumers and provide alternative means for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Liamngee Kator
Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

 

Zakki Yula Hosea
Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/756

Determining the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Sexual Parameters in Female Wistar Rats| Chapter 12 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 1

 

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) rhizomes on reproductive parameters in female Wistar rats. The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. Modern Western medicine has ignored most of these resources by developing chemical drugs and sophisticated treatment techniques while continuing to use certain plant remedies. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids. It would be desirable to evaluate sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of Ginger rhizomes and the effects of this extract on sexual parameters in male rats. Also, to develop an improved traditional medicine for the treatment of reproductive disorders.

 

Author (s) details:-

 

Peneme B. M. L.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Experimental Pathophysiology (L2PE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Akassa H.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Experimental Pathophysiology (L2PE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Ondélé R.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Experimental Pathophysiology (L2PE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Backala Lanzah A.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Experimental Pathophysiology (L2PE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Etou Ossibi A. W.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Experimental Pathophysiology (L2PE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FST), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Abena A. A.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FSSA), Marien University, Ngouabi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v1/3750G