Current Developments in the Biological Functions of 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles: A Review | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 5

1,3,4-thiadazoles have become an important class of heterocycles and a great interest of researches because of their broad types of biological activity. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring's exceptional flexibility and wide range of therapeutic activity have made it an intriguing pharmacophore. This study clarifies the inherent characteristics of this five-membered heterocycle, emphasizing its polar and aromatic nature as well as its adaptability to changes that optimise its biological effect.  The broad spectrum of pharmacological action that 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds display, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects was discussed. In this study, the maximal electroshock (MES) model was employed to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of thiadiazole-based compounds, while their antiviral efficacy was assessed using the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) model. Numerous studies have also demonstrated the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, and antiparasitic properties of molecules having thiadiazole rings. Additionally, this study highlights the enormous potential for developing targeted medicines with improved effectiveness and selectivity and examines the intriguing possibilities of this flexible framework in the next drug discovery and development. Overall, this analysis highlights how important 1,3,4-thiadiazole is as a flexible pharmacophore that has the potential to completely change the field of medicine.

 

Author (s) Details

P. Indhumathy
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

R. Gandhimathi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v5/4810

Mpox (Monkeypox): A Comprehensive Overview | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 6

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. Initially identified in 1958 in research monkeys, the first human case was identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Monkeypox primarily impacts Central and West African regions but has emerged globally as a public health concern, with outbreaks occurring in non-endemic nations. The disease manifests with influenzae-like symptoms, fever, lymphadenopathy, and a distinctive rash that evolves from macules to papules, vesicles, and pustules. Transmission occurs through close contact with infected individuals, body fluids, respiratory droplets, or contaminated surfaces. Zoonotic transmission originates from interaction with diseased animals, especially rats, considered to be the principal reservoirs. The 2022 multi-country outbreak highlighted the risk of human-to-human transmission in highly populated areas and among susceptible groups, including immunocompromised adults and children. The management of monkeypox is supportive, emphasising symptom alleviation and prevention of subsequent infections. Vaccines, including Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN)) and ACAM2000, are effective against susceptible high-risk populations. Antiviral agents like tecovirimat have also shown promising results in severe cases. Containment strategies emphasize surveillance, public awareness, and vaccination campaigns targeting at-risk groups. The emergence of monkeypox underscores the necessity for improved monitoring of zoonotic diseases and international collaboration in tackling neglected tropical diseases.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rakesh Tank
Department of General Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana-122107, India.

Priyanka Tank
Department of Paediatrics, SHKM Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana-122107, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v6/4648