Risk of Acoustic Trauma Associated With Artillery Weapon Gunners | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The military is a high-risk occupational deafness environment. Acoustic trauma is a sensorineural hearing disorder caused by impulsive loud noise in the 2-6 kHz range. The purpose of this research is to determine the occurrence of acoustic trauma in a Howitzer 105 gunner. The Indonesian military does not currently have a hearing conservation program. The work environment of the armed forces puts military personnel at risk of occupational hearing loss caused by the use of primary defense equipment as one of the skill requirements. From July 7 to July 10, 2014, the research used a prospective period method, with the focus on new recruit soldiers in the Indonesian Army's Artillery Academy. The subjects were divided into two groups: those who had been exposed (17 gunners) and those who had not been exposed (17 gunners) (stae the number of subjects). A questionnaire was used to collect information about the subjects' identities, medical histories, and symptoms after firing. The Integrating Sound Level Meter and Real Time Analyzer were used to determine the intensity and frequency of the sound. To evaluate hearing function, pure tone audiometry was used. The Fisher Exact test was used to determine the data value (p0.05). The sound pressure level of a Howitzer 105 artillery weapon was 148.6 dBA with a frequency that decayed to 60 dBA for 2 seconds, while the impulsive sound intensity received at a distance of one metre exceeded the 1998th National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) criteria. Acoustic trauma to the gunner without ear protection is significant at 23.5 percent (p0.05), while symptoms of tinnitus and temporary hearing disorders (1 day) are only 6% and not significant (p>0.05).

Author(s) Details

Sigit Sasongko
Medical Faculty, General Achmad Yani University, Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Effect of Orally Ebselen (SPI-1005) towards Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Blood Level and Otoacoustic Emissions Result in Soldiers with Acoustic Trauma Risk | Chapter 5 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 Excessive noise exposure can cause acoustic trauma to the inner ear structure (cochlea) by creating mechanical and metabolic (oxidative) stress (TA). Oxidative stress, which is induced by an increase in free radical ROS/RNS in the organs of Corti, causes apoptosis and necrosis of cochlear hair cells. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme, and aberrant otoacoustic emission value were all signs of oxidative stress (refer). Endogenous antioxidant enyzme (superoxide dismutase/SOD, catalase/CAT, and GPx) mediated the defence mechanism against oxidative stress. The glutation peroxidase mimic's cellular mechanism was identical to that of GPx. The goal of this study was to see how a glutathione peroxidase mimic affected glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels in blood, as well as otoacoustic emission values in troops who were at danger of TA from a Howitzer 105 artillery weapon explosion. The study's design was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 34 new recruit troops in the Indonesian Army's Artillery Academy, during which the soldiers were trained to fire the Howitzer 105 artillery weapon, from July 7th to July 10th, 2014 in Cimahi and Batujajar. The participants were split into two groups: the exposure group (the ones who got the treatment) and the control group During the training, the exposure group received 200mg of glutathione peroxidase mimetic (Ebselen SPI 1005) orally once daily, while the control group received nothing. Before and after firing training, the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase in the blood, pure tone audiometry, and otoacoustic emission value (DPOAEs) were assessed in those two groups. The data was evaluated using parametric and nonparametric methods, as well as NNT (95 percent confidence interval) and significance value (p0.05). According to the findings of this study, the number of auditory trauma events in the control group was 23.5 percent, whereas the exposure group had 0 percent. The exposure group was 0%, and the DPOAEs test revealed that the control group was 47.1 percent abnormal/refer, while the exposure group was 100 percent normally/pass, with a statistically significant difference (p0.051). The group given Ebselen SPI 1005 had an increase of 82.4 percent erythrocyte GPx (NNT, 95 percent CI=1.889 [1.1593.016]; p=0.004), an increase of 88.2 percent plasma GPx (NNT, 95 percent CI=1.417 [0.970-1.775]; p0.001), a decrease of 100 percent erythrocyte MDA (NNT, 95 percent CI=2.125 [1.335-3.987]; p=0.01), a decrease in plasma MDA of 94.1 percent (NNT, 95 percent CI=2.125 [1.29-3.904]; p=0.01), and a 100 percent normal/pass DPOAEs value (NNT, 95 percent CI = 2.125 [1.335-3.987]; p=0.01). Giving Ebselen SPI 1005 to soldiers at risk of acoustic harm while firing a Howitzer 105 artillery weapon raised GPx levels in the blood, decreased MDA levels in the blood, and resulted in regular DPOAEs readings (pass).

Author (s) Details

S. Sasongko
ENT Department, Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital, Indonesia.

T. Boesoirie
ENT Department, Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.

I. Parwati
Clinical Pathologic Department, Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.

H. Sastramihardja
Clinical Pharmacological Department, Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.

J. Bashirudin
ENT Department, Medical Faculty, Indonesia University, Indonesia.

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