Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Emerging Nosocomial Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital | Chapter 4 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

The present study evaluates the prevalence and trends of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in clinical specimens and the trend in its sensitivity pattern. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that is commonly found in the environment. It may lead to nosocomial infections in hospital settings, particularly in the intensive care unit. It is frequently identified in humidifiers in intensive care units and is also frequently linked to patients who have several comorbidities and are immunocompromised. The Retrospective analysis was done of the culture reports positive for Achromobacter xylosoxidans by VITEK 2 method and its Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was analysed from period of September 2021 to February 2023. The maximum (54.54%) infection was seen in the age group >50 years. The maximum number (66.2%) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated from the Suction tip, followed by blood (8%) and the Tracheal Tip (5%). Surgical ICU contributed to the maximum number of infections i.e. 40.2%, followed by Respiratory ICU (22.1%). Maximum sensitivity was seen for Cotrimoxazole and Meropenem (around 80%), followed by Cefoperazone-Sulbactam (74%), Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime (around 65%). The sensitivity was minimal for Ceftriaxone (0%), Aztreonam (1.3%), and Gentamicin (5.2%). The most common risk factors/comorbidities associated with Achromobacter infections was recent ICU admission (87.01%). The variation in antibiotic sensitivity or resistance can be due to the various factors like antibiotics used in patients in primary treatment, the immune status of the patients from which the sample was collected, overuse or misuse of antibiotics, availability of antibiotics, etc. The antibiotic of choice in our conclusion is Cotrimoxazole, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Colistin should be kept as a reserve drug for the last resort treatment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Malvika Singh

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Dimple Raina

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Ranjana Rohilla

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Himanshu Narula

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Ajay Pandita

Department of Community Medicine, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/274

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Emerging Nosocomial Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital | Chapter 4 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

The present study evaluates the prevalence and trends of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in clinical specimens and the trend in its sensitivity pattern. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that is commonly found in the environment. It may lead to nosocomial infections in hospital settings, particularly in the intensive care unit. It is frequently identified in humidifiers in intensive care units and is also frequently linked to patients who have several comorbidities and are immunocompromised. The Retrospective analysis was done of the culture reports positive for Achromobacter xylosoxidans by VITEK 2 method and its Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was analysed from period of September 2021 to February 2023. The maximum (54.54%) infection was seen in the age group >50 years. The maximum number (66.2%) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated from the Suction tip, followed by blood (8%) and the Tracheal Tip (5%). Surgical ICU contributed to the maximum number of infections i.e. 40.2%, followed by Respiratory ICU (22.1%). Maximum sensitivity was seen for Cotrimoxazole and Meropenem (around 80%), followed by Cefoperazone-Sulbactam (74%), Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime (around 65%). The sensitivity was minimal for Ceftriaxone (0%), Aztreonam (1.3%), and Gentamicin (5.2%). The most common risk factors/comorbidities associated with Achromobacter infections was recent ICU admission (87.01%). The variation in antibiotic sensitivity or resistance can be due to the various factors like antibiotics used in patients in primary treatment, the immune status of the patients from which the sample was collected, overuse or misuse of antibiotics, availability of antibiotics, etc. The antibiotic of choice in our conclusion is Cotrimoxazole, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Colistin should be kept as a reserve drug for the last resort treatment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Malvika Singh

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Dimple Raina

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Ranjana Rohilla

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Himanshu Narula

Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Ajay Pandita

Department of Community Medicine, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences,

Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/274

Relevance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in Non-Respiratory Tract Clinical Samples over a Decade (2008-2017): Findings from a Clinical Center in Southern Hungary | Chapter 3 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

 Aims: Lactose-non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are aerobic, motile (with peritrichous flagella), oxidase and catalase-positive belong to the genus Achromobacter. To evaluate the prevalence of A. xylosoxidans isolated from non-respiratory tract samples from adult inpatients and outpatients, as well as antibiotic resistance levels, retrospectively over a 10-year study period at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Szeged, Hungary. Retrospective microbiological analysis was used in this study. Studying at the University of Szeged, which is affiliated with the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, a primary- and tertiary-care teaching hospital in Hungary's Southern Great Plain, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017. The data was obtained using an electronic device. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done using the disc diffusion method and E-tests on Mueller–Hinton agar plates when required. Results: A total of 68 individual A. xylosoxidans isolates were identified over the course of the 10-year study period (6.83.6/year, range: 0-11 isolates). Isolation occurred 22 times in the first half of the study period (2008-2017), but 46 times in the second half (2013-2017). Inpatient departments provided the majority of the isolates (51 out of 68). Females made up 32 of the 68 patients (female-to-male ratio: 0.89). The susceptibilities of the A. xylosoxidans isolates (n=68) were as follows: high levels of susceptibility for imipenem and meropenem (n=63; 92.6 percent ), and moxifloxacin (n=55; 80.9 percent ), although higher rates of resistance were observed for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (susceptible: n=36; 52.9 percent ), ciprof Conclusion: Since the prevalence of these pathogens in clinically relevant syndromes is poor, there is no literature on Achromobacter infections in the context of non-respiratory human infections. It should be noted that the difficulty in obtaining accurate identification (especially in low-resource settings) may be partly to blame for the bacteria's infrequent classification as significant pathogens. In the future, advancements in diagnostic technology in routine clinical microbiology would almost certainly result in a change in the frequency of these bacteria being isolated.

Author (s) Details

Márió Gajdács
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., Hungary.

Marianna Ábrók
Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Semmewleis 6., Hungary.

Andrea Lázár
Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Semmewleis 6., Hungary.

Katalin Burián
Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Semmewleis 6., Hungary and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10., Hungary.

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