Response of Targeted Therapy Alongside Chemotherapy in an AML Patient with COVID-19 | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 1

In this chapter, more detailed information was provided, which describes the first cycle treatment in a case of a newly diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia in an AML patient. Pneumonia is a major cause of death among patients with leukemia. Venetoclax, a BH3-mimetic and selective BCL-2 inhibitor, is a medication used to treat adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). A 70-year-old normotensive, non-diabetic male was diagnosed with endocarditis with Aerococcus Viridans after a third molar extraction, followed by persistent fatigue, fever, weakness, nausea, and excessive sweating, especially at night. Afterwards, he was also diagnosed with AML M2/FAB (Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation M2). In this severe COVID-19 case, it was shown that the venetoclax treatment functioned, even in its first cycle, and moreover even without increasing the daily dose over 100 mg. One observed that the initial high value of monocytes (12620/µL) dropped after the 28-day period close to the normalization threshold (2500/µL), more exactly to 2360/µL. The positive response to venetoclax occurred even if the patient developed other comorbidities during that period, such as for example severe anemia within the disease, thrombocytopenia, and SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome).

 

Author (s) Details

 

Radu Gaba
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, RO-014700, Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v1/5013

Respiratory Complications in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes from a Retrospective Analysis | Chapter 4 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

Introduction: The frequency and significance of acute and chronic respiratory disorders in pregnant women have increased in recent years. Pregnant women with respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma to adult respiratory distress syndrome, should be promptly diagnosed and treated. Clinicians must have an understanding of cardiopulmonary physiology to promptly recognize and treat pregnant women with respiratory conditions ranging from asthma to adult respiratory distress syndrome. Significant changes are seen in respiratory parameters as pregnancy progresses.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of respiratory diseases in pregnancy in a tertiary healthcare hospital and assess the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with respiratory disease and complications.

Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective record study, which analyzed various respiratory diseases in pregnancy and their effects on the perinatal outcome. Hospital documents of pregnant women who delivered in the institution during the years 2015–2019 were studied. Pregnant women with respiratory complications in pregnancy including new onset/or exacerbations of preexisting respiratory diseases like asthma, acute bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pneumonia were noted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 after it was manually entered in Microsoft Excel. Pearson’s Chi square and Fisher’s exact test were used as the tests for significance, and a value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The study identified 214 pregnant women with respiratory complications over a period of 5 years. The overall incidence was 2.3%; 94.4% were 20–35 years of age, and 82.2% delivered at term gestation (37–40 weeks). Respiratory complications like infective, restrictive, and obstructive lung diseases were seen. Bronchial asthma exacerbations in 155 (72%), respiratory tract infections (upper and lower respiratory tract infections) in 23 (10.7%), acute bronchitis in 16 (7.5%), ARDS in 8 (3.7%), pleural effusion in 3 (1.4%), tuberculosis in 2 (0.9%) and OSA in 1 (0.5%) were seen. A total of 3.2% had intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and there was 1.4% maternal mortality. The following observations were made in women with respiratory complications: a higher incidence of preeclampsia in 31 (14.4%), an increased rate of lower segment cesarean sections (LSCS) in 99 (46.2%), intrauterine death (IUD) in 12 (5.6%), and poor Apgar scores as well as neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions in 99 (46.3%) women.

Conclusion: Respiratory illnesses in pregnancy pose more risk to the mother than to the fetus. Close monitoring of the antenatal period with pulmonary function testing increases the chance of a good pregnancy outcome. Mothers with respiratory diseases should be screened antenatally as the chances of preterm and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are high in the fetus. Close monitoring of the antenatal period with pulmonary function testing increases the chance of a good outcome of the present pregnancy.

 

Author (s) Details

Shashikala Karanth
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

Christy Vijay
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

C Jaya Sibi Mol
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

Nirupama Vijaykumar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

Uma Devaraj
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

Chaitanya Harita Balakrishnan

Department of Medicine, St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v12/3785

COVID-19 Sepsis: Based on Molecular Hemostatic Mechanism| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The pathogenetic system of macrothrombosis characterized by pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and deep mood throm- bosis (DVT) coinciding with ARDS in COVID-19 will be explained from the idea of the hemostatic essentials. Acute respiring distress disease (ARDS) is a symbol of COVID-19 sepsis and results from the bacterium' pulmonary tropism and the host's endothelial variety. Patients accompanying Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) the one have ARDS usually have distributed vascular microthrombotic disease (VMTD). In answer to the growing infection of blood, the host activates the complement plan that produces terminal complement complex C5b-9 to counteract pathogen. C5b-9 causes pore composition on the sheath of host endothelial containers (ECs) if CD59 is underexpressed. Also, vigorous S protein allure to endothelial ACE2 receptor damages ECs. However, EA-VMTD can orchestrate more intricate dispassionate phenotypes, in the way that thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)-like condition, hepatic coagulopathy, MODS, and linked calculating-macrothrombotic syndrome. In COVID-19, microthrombosis originally influences the alveoli per tropism beginning ARDS. ARDS and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) have commonly coexisted in this place pandemic. Analysis established two hemostatic believes implies that PTE began by triggered ULVWF and TF courses is macrothrombosis and ARDS began by activated ULVWF course is EA-VMTD. The thrombotic disorder of COVID-19 infection of blood is agreeing accompanying the idea that ARDS is bug-induced distributed EA- VMTD and PTE is in-emergency room vascular harm-accompanying macrothrombosis that is not straightforwardly related to zealous pathogenesis. The pathogenesis-located healing approach is conferred for the situation of EA-VMTD accompanying antimicrothrombotic regimen and the potential need of trick- oagulation medicine for coexisting macrothrombosis in inclusive COVID-19 care.

Author(s) Details:

Jae C. Chang,
School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V7/article/view/9429

Proposed Supportive Pulmonary Surfactant for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection | Chapter 10 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 5

 

Despite the several treatments and immunizations that have been suggested, none have been able to stop the spread of SARS-cov-2, which has been ongoing for more than two years.

In this study, we first advocate for the replacement of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in patients who have been hospitalized to intensive care. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in premature neonates is frequently treated with pulmonary surfactant, and studies have shown that it is extremely successful. Because SARS-CoV-2 infection and ARDS, also known as hyaline membrane disease, have many pathogenetic and symptomatological characteristics, using pulmonary surfactant as a supplement to existing treatments may be advantageous. Using the surfactant we suggest in our work, even drugs with low absorption and bioavailability can be administered directly into the most obscure alveolar areas.

Author(s) Details:

Bruno Riccardi,
Representative Lipotech, 56022 Castelfranco di Sotto (PI), Via dei Lazzeri, 33, Italy.

Sergio Resta,
Surgeon, general surgery specialist, freelancer, 53043 Chiusi (SI), Via Montegrappa 1, Italy.

Giacomo Resta,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Perugia, Italy.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V5/article/view/7659

COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Manifestation: A Case Report on Colonic Perforation in 91-year- old man with Severe COVID-19 Infection | Chapter 20 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 A 91-year-old man with bilateral acute pneumonia and a SaO2 of 85 percent on air had severe Covid-19 infection. Antibiotics, oxygen, dexamethasone, and convalescent plasma treatment were used to treat him. He exhibited loose motion and abdominal distension without abdominal pain on day 28 after recovering from respiratory failure. Then he acquired septic shock and peritonism symptoms all of a sudden. Pneumoperitoneum was discovered on a CT scan of the abdomen. Emergency laparotomy was performed after resuscitation with fluids, inotropes, and antibiotics. There was a puncture in the colon with mucosal bleeding. The right hemicolectomy was carried out. Mucosal oedema, infiltration with inflammatory cells, primarily polymorphs and lymphocytes, congested vessels, and areas of haemorrhage in the mucosa were all seen on histology. Septic shock necessitated two inotropes, a blood transfusion, and fluids in the post-operative period. ARDS and multiorgan failure added to the difficulty.

Author(S) Details

Khin Phyu Pyar
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Min Aung Shan
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Soe Win Hlaing
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Diwon .
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Zarni Htet Aung
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Soe Min Aung
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Nyan Lin Maung
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

Aung Phyoe Kyaw
Department of Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon 11021, Myanmar.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V7/article/view/5775

A Case Report on Vaping Related Interstitial Airspace Disease in a Teenager | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 In this case, we present a one-of-a-kind case of vaping-related lung injury and treatment options. A previously stable 17-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with uncontrollable and recurrent vomiting, fever, cough, stomach pain, sporadic diarrhoea, and dehydration. He had intense chest pain and O2 desaturations of up to 80% on room air when he arrived. Except for elevated inflammatory markers with a C-reactive protein (CRP) of 261 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 53 mm/hr, and a d-dimer of 0.93 mcg/ml, an infectious (including a Nasopharyngeal swab), GI, and cardiac workup was negative. An X-ray of the chest revealed diffuse multifocal infiltrates. For a suspected pneumonia, the patient was treated with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. In addition, he was given 4L of nasal cannula O2 supplementation. A chest CT was performed to rule out a pulmonary embolism due to chronic hypoxic respiratory failure, worsening respiratory distress clinically, with tachypnea and retractions, and lab results of elevated d-dimer (PE). The CT results were negative for PE but showed diffuse airspace opacities, mainly in the lower lobes, with a ground-glass appearance, which could indicate ARDS. After a thorough examination of the patient's social background, it was discovered that the patient had been vaping nicotine products for the past four years and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products for the past several months. For a diagnosis of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI), he was started on Prednisone 30mg BID right away and began to show clinical progress. Over the next 24 hours, the patient was able to transition from supplementary oxygen to room air, and clinical signs of respiratory failure started to improve.

Author (s) Details

Amee A. Amin
Charleston Area Medical Center Women & Children’s Hospital, USA and WVU Department of Pediatrics, USA.

Erica Haught
West Virginia University School of Medicine, USA.

Youmna Mousattat
Charleston Area Medical Center Women & Children’s Hospital, USA and WVU Department of Pediatrics, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V11/article/view/890