Design Parameters Specification for the Construction of 33kV Overhead Lines across Lagoon Using Transmission Towers | Chapter 2 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

Overhead aluminium conductors used for both medium and high voltage installations are flexible and uniform in weight along their lengths. They often take the form of catenary changes with conductor temperature, ice and wind loading and time. Adequate vertical and horizontal clearance under all weather and electrical loading conditions are guaranteed by ensuring the breaking strength of the conductor is not exceeded. Thus, the behaviour of the conductor catenary under all conditions need to be incorporated into the transmission line in the constructional design regardless of the length of the transmission line. Overhead transmission lines constructed across water such as Lagoon are good illustration of the characteristics described above. Therefore, this research presents a case study of 33kV overhead line construction crossing 265 m wide ‘Lagoon’ which requires Sag parameter calculations. Detail description of the case study, specifications for Aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) type A1/S1A IEC 61089 standard and sag calculations with and without wind or ice weather conditions are presented. The design calculation for weight of a required Dead-End Lattice Tower via determination of weight of the individual 5 components of a Tower are also presented. The obtained results are presented and discussed. The Sag parameter results and that of Dead-end lattice tower and its components weights evaluated were applied to the proposed project. The method of this research work generated reliable results suggesting that it can be applied to any other Transmission tower successfully.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Lambe Mutalub Adesina
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Tolulope O. Akinbulire,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189

Research on Strength, Fatigue Strength and Stiffness of High-Tech Bamboo/Epoxy Composites | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

A major problem in the strength data available for cellulose fibre‐based materials is that the moisture content of the test specimens is rarely measured, and yet it is the dominant variable in the tests. Detailed strength and stiffness results are presented for Brazilian Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo at a wide range of moisture contents down to 2% and the fatigue curve is given for Chinese Moso bamboo at 4% moisture content. Techniques are described for handling the variability of these natural materials, both in design and in manufacturing quality control, for the mass production of large, hightech composites wind turbine blades. 

Author(s) Details 

Michael James
Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189

Adaptive Method for State Estimation of Sound Environment System with Uncertainty and Its Application to Psychological Evaluation: Recent Perspecives | Chapter 8 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

The actual sound environment system exhibits various types of linear and non-linear characteristics, and it often contains uncertainty. Furthermore, the observations in the sound environment are often in the level-quantized form. In this paper, two types of methods for estimating the specific signal for sound environment systems with uncertainty and the quantized observation are proposed by introducing newly a system model of the conditional probability type and moment statistics of fuzzy events. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical methods is confirmed by applying them to the actual problem of psychological evaluation for the sound environment.

Author(s) Details

Hisako Orimoto
 Department of Management Information Systems, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

Akira Ikuta 
Department of Management Information Systems, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189

Restoration of Koolipalayam Reservoir by Using Bioclean STP Technology in Tirupur District, Tamilnadu | Chapter 14 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

This study revealed a poor situation for the  lack of water bodies and the available water bodies being polluted by dying unit effluents and other harmful industrial effluents being let out into the available water source due to lack of waste disposal units. The demand for water in and around Tirupur region is very high as the water bodies are very few in number even the available water bodies are being polluted by dying unit effluents and other harmful industrial effluents being let out into the available water source due to lack of waste disposal units. This Kollipalayam reservoir has been a home for several inland and migratory birds for centuries. The water source is the Nallar River, flowing from the Avinashi big Tank and few sewage canals, carrying the effluents and sewage from Tirupur town. Eventually the water level has never come down due to the above sources. The flora and fauna of this tank attracts as many as 135 species of birds from all over. Inland birds like Spot-billed Pelicans, Painted Storks, and etc. It also brings in a huge number of species from other parts of the World during the winter. Starting from November, every year, various birds flock in to kollipalayam reservoir and spend their winter and leave back to their home by the end of March. Bio-Ozolyte Technology has been implemented to treat and restoration the water in the reservoir. In this technology involves three treatments they are biological treatment, Ozone treatment and Anoyte treatment. This study strongly recommends increases the dissolved oxygen level in the water and makes the water favorable for existence of organisms and fit for usage. If this reservoir is restored, all water demands in and around Tirupur can be met. 

Author(s) Details

S. Mohan
Deparment of Civil Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. N. Muralimohan
Deparment of Civil Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India.

Mr. P. Tamilchelvan
Deparment of Civil Engineering, Muthayammal College of Engineering, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187

AL-Transformation on M Class Ak* Operator | Chapter 13 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

Operators in Complex Hilbert spaces has been the interest of emerging researchers in the recent years. Takayuki Furuta et al studied AL- transformation on p-hyponormal operators in 1996. Later, yamazaki et al. studied AL- transformation and powers of operators for class A(k) operator in the year 2001. This research work was further carried over by Pannayappan et al. and D. Senthil Kumar et al. In this discipline, we studied AL- transformation and *- AL- transformation for the new class of operator named M class Ak* operator on a non-zero Complex Hilbert space. 

Author(s) Details

P. Shanmugapriya 
Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore – 641 022, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Maheswari Naik
Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore – 641 022, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187

Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of a Reinforced Concrete Building Located in India | Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

The effect of earthquake causes loss of life and property in many places all over the world. This creates the need to assess the seismic performance of the structures. The latest development leads to finding the direct losses and damage states of the buildings for various intensities of earthquake ground motions. In the present study, seismic vulnerability assessment was done for a medium rise building (G+5). The design peak ground acceleration of 0.16 g and 0.36 g were considered for the risk assessment. The nonlinear static pushover analysis was done to fine the performance point, spectral acceleration and corresponding spectral acceleration by Equivalent Linearization (EL) method given by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA-440). The four damage states such as slight, moderate, extreme and collapse has been considered as per HAZUS-MR4. The seismic vulnerability in terms of fragility curves was developed to evaluate the damage probabilities based on HAZUS methodology. The discrete and cumulative damage probability was found for all the damage states of the building which shows the building at 0.16 g experience slight damage whereas at 0.36 g the moderate damage state equally becomes predominant. 

Author (s) Details

S. Prasanth
Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, Prayagraj- 211004, India.

Dr. Goutam Ghosh
Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, Prayagraj- 211004, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187

Geochemistry and Potential Industrial Application of Marble from Ikpeshi, South-West, Nigeria | Chapter 11 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

The aim of this chapter is to use geochemistry to determine the economic potential of marble from Ikpeshi area. Nigeria has a variety of rich solid minerals and rocks such as marble which if fully exploited will boost the economic potentials of the country. Forty five (45) marble samples were collected and subjected to petrographic, physical analyses and geochemical analysis using the inductively coupled plasma –mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Geochemical data indicated that the marble deposits at Ikpeshi has variable geochemical characteristics; some have low dolomite CaMg (CO3)2 (1.35-7.44%) and high calcite CaCO3 (82.78-95.61%) while the Golden Girl quarry has moderate dolomite (41.38-41.42%) and moderate calcite (61.03-61.58%). Physical tests indicated high tensile strength (17.342-31.550MPa), compressive strength (259.515-3892.73MPa) and shear strength (44.70-68.51MPa), respectively. Petrographic studies revealed that the marble contains calcite, dolomite, quartz, opaque mineral, actinolite, lead, feldspar and chlorite at various proportions. Based on these characteristics, the marble from Ikpeshi is suitable as raw materials for manufacture of lime, drugs, toothpaste, paper and paint. It is also important in the production of livestock feed, electrical insulators, flooring tiles and terrazzo chips. The marble is unsuitable as a raw material for the production of cement unless blended. 

Author (s) Details

Romanus Obasi
Department of Geology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187