Iodine: A Micronutrient Essential for Human Development and Survival | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 2

Micronutrients are essential for the body to perform its vital functions properly. A deficiency of these rare nutritional elements, or the occurrence of an overlapping of the elements and the loss of their nutritional value, can incite disturbances in the body’s nutritional metabolism, ruining the body’s health. Iodine is a crucial micronutrient necessary for the formation of thyroid hormones. Its deficiency can lead to various pathological issues due to insufficient hormone production. This article aims to examine key topics related to iodine deficiency and its effects on public health. Notably, iodine deficiency is the primary cause of endemic goiter. Additionally, consuming certain foods in excessive amounts can hinder the thyroid gland's ability to absorb iodine. Iodine deficiency profoundly affects health, influencing everything from pregnancy and child development to mental disabilities and reduced fertility in adults.  According to the WHO, Universal Salt Iodization is the most effective strategy. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are significant public health concerns, resulting from insufficient thyroid hormone production due to inadequate iodine intake and affect around 2 billion people worldwide. A balanced diet rich in iodine-containing foods is essential for maintaining sufficient iodine levels. Today, researchers are particularly interested in using iodine nanoparticles (INPs) for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb
Department of Pharmacy, Kirkuk Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

 

Qahtan Adnan Ali
Department of Environment and Pollution Technologies Engineering, Kirkuk Technical College Engineering, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

 

Qassim Jawell Odah Abed
Department of Nursing, AL-Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v2/3269

Unveiling the Correlation Between Thyroid Dysfunction and Post-Surgical Septicemia in Geriatric Patients | Chapter 7 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 3

Background and Aim: Sepsis is a life-threatening issue that happens when the body’s immune system has an extreme response to an infection, causing organ dysfunction. Critical illness and sepsis are difficult to treat with increasing age because of the poor adaptive physiological system as age progresses. The study tries to identify prognostic markers among thyroid hormones for post-surgical critically ill subjects, who have sepsis, to improve the outcome of patients with increasing age.

Methods: Post-surgical critically ill patients with sepsis were recruited in the study. Key features of the critically ill patient are severe respiratory, cardiovascular or neurological derangement, often in combination, reflected in abnormal physiological observations. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by ARCHITECT immunoassay kits in 127 post-surgical critically ill patients with sepsis. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was recorded for each patient.

Results: The FT3, FT4 and TSH levels decreased and SOFA scores increased with increasing age. Thyroid markers were significantly inversely correlated with age (for FT4 r= -0.616, p<0.0001 and for TSH r= -0.453, p<0.0001), with the strongest correlation between FT3 and age (r=0.674, p<0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between SOFA score and age (r=0.577, p<0.0001). FT3 decreases SOFA and age increase from improved prognosis to worst prognosis (p<0.0001). The patients whose condition improved were mostly young as compared to the no change group, deteriorated group and expired group.

Conclusions: FT3 surfaced as a prominent prognostic marker that may be used in predicting the prognosis of post-surgical critically ill geriatric patients with sepsis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Pallavi Rain
Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Jyoti Batra
Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Ankit Batra
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medical Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Aarushi Batra
Medical Intern, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v3/450