Study on the Rossby Waves Parameters in Total Ozone Over the Arctic in 2000–2021 | Chapter 4 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 3

 

The breaking of Rossby waves in the polar stratosphere results in rapid increases in temperature, known as sudden stratospheric warmings. The purpose of this work is to study Rossby wave parameters in total ozone over the Arctic in 2000–2021. We consider the averages in the January–March period, when stratospheric trace gases (including ozone) in sudden stratospheric warming events are strongly disturbed by the planetary waves. To characterize the wave parameters, we analyzed ozone data at the latitudes of 50° N (the sub-vortex area), 60° N (the polar vortex edge) and 70° N (inner region of the polar vortex). Total ozone column (TOC) measurements over 22-year time interval were used from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer / Earth Probe and Ozone Mapping Instrument / Aura satellite observations. The TOC zonal distribution and variations in the Fourier spectral components with zonal wave numbers m = 1–5 are presented. The daily and interannual variations in TOC, amplitudes and phases of the spectral wave components, as well as linear trends in the amplitudes of the dominant quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1) are discussed. The positive TOC peaks inside the vortex in 2010 and 2018 alternate with negative ones in 2011 and 2020. The extremely low TOC at 70° N in 2020 corresponds to severe depletion of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic in the strong vortex conditions due to anomalously low planetary wave activity and a high positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. The Arctic Oscillation, as one of the key factors of climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere, negatively correlates with TOC at the 95% confidence level (r = −0.40 ± 0.36 and r = −0.56 ± 0.29 at 50° N and 70° N, respectively). Interannual TOC variations in the sub-vortex region at 50 N are accompanied by a negative trend of –4.8 Dobson Units per decade in the QSW1 amplitude, statistically significant at 90% confidence level, while the trend is statistically insignificant in the vortex edge region and inside the vortex due to the increased variability in TOC and QSW1. The processes associated with quasi-circumpolar migration and quasi-stationary oscillation of the wave-1 phase depending on the polar vortex strength in 2020 and 2021 are discussed.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Chenning Zhang
International Center of Future Science, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

 

Asen Grytsai
Physics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.

 

Oleksandr Evtushevsky
Physics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.

 

Gennadi Milinevsky
International Center of Future Science, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China, Department of Atmosphere Physics and Geospace, National Antarctic Scientific Center, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine. and Département de Physique, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France.

 

Yulia Andrienko
Physics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.

 

Andrew Klekociuk
Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston 7050, Australia and Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.

 

Yuriy Rapoport
Space Radio-Diagnostics Research Centre, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland and Main Center of Special Monitoring, National Space Facilities Control and Test Center, State Space Agency of Ukraine, 01010 Kyiv, Ukraine.

 

Wei Han
International Center of Future Science, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v3/7572B

Why the Sky is Blue: The Role of Ozone| Chapter 3 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 4

 

The only planets in our solar system having distinct ozone layers in their atmospheres are the earth and Mars, both of which have a characteristic blue sky. The earth's sky appears deeper blue after heavy rains eliminate the majority of the dust and various amounts of gases; this finding contradicts the theory that Rayleigh's scattering is the cause of the sky's blue colour. Additionally, we argue in this work that Rayleigh scattering should make the sky closer to the earth appear deeper blue and the sky overhead lighter because at least 50% of the earth's atmospheric molecules are held near to the surface of the earth; however, the opposite is true. In comparison, the true splitting of the rising and setting sun's rays causes the light and sky to turn orange-red, but in this situation, the clouds and objects in the rays' path also turn yellow-orange, as expected. The absence of blue sky in other planets' and our moon's skies, despite having differing mixtures of gases but no clearly delineated ozone layer, and the presence of black "sky" away from the lower parts of the earth's atmosphere beyond the stratosphere, and especially the appearance of a sharp demarcation about the lower part of the stratosphere where the blue stops and black sky appears, all argue in favour of ozone as the cause of the blue colour of sky. In this paper, we propose that the proper colour of the sky is dark blue, as seen in pristine areas and in photographs of the earth taken from space, but that the sky over populated areas and other dusty areas becomes lighter blue; the almost-white colour of the sky at the horizon is caused by the concentration of dust in the atmosphere closest to the ground.

Author(s) Details:

Puthalath Koroth Raghuprasad,
2400 East 8th Street, Odessa, Texas 79761, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V4/article/view/8746