Enhancing Diagnostic Precision by Image Processing in γ-Camera Scintigraphy for Lower Extremity Inflammation | Chapter 4 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 2

 

The present study highlights the improvement of evaluation of the inflammation extent on the scintigraphic imaging, by utilizing statistical indices (Inflammation Projection Ratio - IPR, skewness, kurtosis and Mean Pixel Value - MPV). Inflammatory processes and infection imaging are forms of tissue characterization by Nuclear Medicine. Image analysis was performed by means of an Interactive Data Language (IDL) tool. Twelve patients were referred for a radionuclide (Tc99m- Leukoscan) scan, by a GE Healthcare gamma camera, on the suspicion of an infectious lesion in the extremities. The findings of the study are that pathological tissues have a higher IPR index (3.12 to 4.32) compared to normal tissue (~ 1). The calculated indices IPR in combination with the processed Isocontouring images, contribute to the conclusion that Tc99m- Sulesomab scintigrams are characterized by high projection ratios specific for each case and demonstrate the full extent of the inflamed area in the lower extremities, with great accuracy. Furthermore, MPV, skewness and kurtosis differ significantly (> 5%) from normal to inflammable extremities. As a conclusion, image processing provides effective information in the structure and facilitates diagnosis semi-quantitatively. Moreover, increased imaging research and discussed the limitations of the study, such as the need for a larger sample size.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

M. Lyra
Department Radiology of Radiation Physics Unit A´, University of Athens, GR-11528, Athens, Greece.

 

S. Kordolaimi
Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece.

 

A. L. Salvara
IATROPOLIS Medical Group, Athens, Greece.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v2/7877C

Arrow and Pratt Revisited: The Case for a Polynomial Representation | Chapter 08 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This work resurrects a long-forgotten method for eliciting human preferences based on the stimuli-response procedure. The so-called Psycho-Physics school (Weber-Fechner, 1860) [1] attempted to mathematically explain the procedure above. A new theory, Elementary Catastrophe Theory (E.C.T.) [2, which unfolded a unique Potential in human brain fifty years ago, offered the underlying dynamics needed to fulfil all the desiderata at the time. This axiomatization of a self-measurement process gives empirical data a reason that is free of any "a priori" assumptions about human aim. This 5th degree symmetric polynomial exhibits a characteristic (Negative Schwarz' Derivative) [3] that goes a long way to solving controversies and removing roadblocks in the progress of Portfolio Theory [4]. It also fits the major landmark criteria in the fields of Value and Utility, such as the Arrow Impossibility result. We reprint a long-overdue addition to Pratt's [5] in the Annex. Finally, Free Energy could displace Entropy as a paradigm in this field [7] with this newly discovered Human Scale (Cardinal) [6, which is based simply on the postulate of Non-Satiation.

Author(S) Details

William M. Saade
Formerly with the Stanford Research Institute at the Decision Analysis Group 333, Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V7/article/view/5493

Mathematical Statistics for Beginners | Book Publisher International

 A significant number of discrete and continuous probability distributions are already accessible. A probability distribution's mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis are a collection of constants that can be used to describe its attributes and, in certain cases, to specify it. These constants are determined by the random variable's distribution. To find the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of any probability distribution, extensive understanding of integration, differentiation, and summation is necessary. It's difficult to explain things to students who don't know much about math. Instead than using integration, differentiation, or summation procedures, this book developed and utilised universal equations to directly find mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. We derive and apply universal formulae for determining the characteristic function, Laplace transform, and moments of various distributions from the converted Chi-square family, generalised gamma family, generalised family of discrete distributions, and log type distributions. This book also includes generic equations for determining point and interval estimators of function of parameters, as well as identification of the best population in the converted Chi-square family, as well as the likelihood of correct identification. This book teaches you how to choose null and alternative hypotheses, calculate p-values, and make conclusions using a simple procedure.

Author(S) Details

M. Shafiqur Rahman
Department of Operations Management and Business Statistics College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MSB/article/view/3779

Significance of Textural Parameters for Characterization of Clastic Sedimentary Processes: Case Study of Benin Formation, Niger Delta, Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The textural properties and depositional processes of 120 sand samples collected over a 47-kilometer transect from Ikot Abasi to Eket in southern Nigeria were determined using granulometric analysis. The varied size distributions for each sample were determined using standard sedimentological procedures such as sieve analysis. The fluidity factor of the depositing medium and the energy factor of the deposition environment are reflected in the sediment size distribution. This was also subjected to statistical analysis (mean grain size, median, sorting, kurtosis, skewness, bivariate and multivariate analyses). The samples range in size from extremely fine grain to pebbly (3.23 to -1.53) in diameter, and are sorted from very poorly to very well (2.069 to 0.294), with around 86 percent of the samples being badly sorted. The sediments are mostly leptokurtic (91%) with only a few (9 samples) platykurtic (range 8.148 to -1.082) and coarse to extremely fine skewed in character. Saltation and surface creep, mostly due to current and channel action, are the major modes of conveyance recorded by these sediments. Bivariate analysis revealed that the majority of the sediments are related to river deposition processes, with coastal processes taking a back seat. The sediments of this study area were generally characterised by a shallow marine disturbed environment, according to multivariate analysis. The sediments were deposited mostly via graded suspension to bottom suspension and rolling, according to the CM pattern. In a shallow marine depositional environment, these characteristics identify sediments deposited by fluvio-deltaic processes dominated by tractive current patterns. The sediments throughout the transect analysed reveal energy setting linked with a combination of high and relaxed energy at various points during the depositional process, as evidenced by their moderate sorting, which is generally positively skewed and leptokurtic.

Author(s) Details

E. E. Okon
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

N. U. Essien
Department of Geosciences, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria.

A. O. Ilori
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

S. N. Njoku
Energy and Mineral Resources Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-4/article/view/1045