Assessment of Collective Unconscious Mental State & Female Feticide in India | Chapter 1 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol.1

 Normally, every human behaviour is tied to an individual's mental state, but some acts involving a big group of people can be explained by Collective mental condition. This collective mental state is frequently unconscious because it is built on the basis of long historical experiences. Carl Jung coined the term "collective unconscious." The collective unconscious is often referred to as "a storehouse of our species' experiences." It refers to the unconscious storage of ancestral experiences that are passed down from generation to generation over the course of a lifetime. It can range from keeping a passive record of previous experiences (passive Repository) to actual practical emergence in ground reality (active Substratum), according to Jung. Female feticide on a large scale in India appears to be a representation of the collective unconscious's Substratum condition. It signifies that the collective unconscious's history experiences, which were previously stored in a passive repository unconscious state, have now become active substratum states. These events are directly linked to the invasions that humanity faced during the Middle Ages. When the female sex ratio in India is examined by state, this link is enhanced. Female feticide is most common in the Northwest and least common in the South. It suggests that the collective unconscious' active substratum state is the most powerful causative factor in female feticide in India.

Author(s) Details:

Harish Kumar Sharma,
 Department of Psychology, S. B. S. Govt. College, Kotkapura, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V1/article/view/5718

Maturation and Spawning of Green – Rough – Back Pufferfish, Lagocephalus lunaris | Chapter 02 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Maternity, spawning, and fecundity studies are critical for estimating a population's reproductive potential as well as fishery management. The maturation and spawning of the puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris was documented in Visakhapatnam from January 2008 to December 2009 in order to better understand the population's reproductive capacity. Males are smaller than females, according to the current findings. The sex ratio for male to female was 1: 1.17, indicating that females were dominating in the catches. During April 2008, November 2008, and June 2009, Chi-square (2) analysis revealed a significant difference (p 0.05) between sexes in their prevalence. Females of L. lunaris were reported to be 141 mm total length at first maturity. In females of L. lunaris, a six-stage gonad maturity scale has been found. Spawning occurs all year, with the months of April to June and September to December being the busiest. In females, the Gonad Somatic Index was shown to be high in January, April, June, September, and December. The number of ova produced ranged from 103355 to 298795.

Author(S) Details

Rukmini Sirisha
Department of Marine Living Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam -530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V4/article/view/4294

Monitoring the Aspects of Reproductive Ecology of Chrysichthys auratus in the Volta Lake, Ghana | Chapter 1 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 6

 Because of its socioeconomic significance to the many and varied based fishermen, fish processors, and fish traders, the study was conducted in 2018 on the Chrysichthys auratus in the Volta Lake. Because of their abundance, they have been added to the 2010 Red List of Endangered Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ICUN). The goal was to figure out a reproductive strategy that would allow for more sustainable fish stock management. In order to determine sexual maturity, sex ratio, gonadosomatic index GSI, hepasomatic index HSI, condition factor k, visceral fat index VFI, and monthly stomach fullness in relation to sexual maturity, 452 fish samples were measured, weighed, and dissected on a monthly basis. According to the length at first maturity calculated, 89 percent of female fish caught fell short of that crucial length, implying growth overfishing due to bamboo pipe fishing's size and sex selective tendencies. The connection of the GSI to the HSI and the VFI was inverse and insignificant during gonad development, but it shifted to a positive and insignificant relationship after gonad development. The date of the turn, September, was associated with spawning and the start of the spawning season. Early in post gonad formation, concurrent with spawning, the point of turn from an opposite and important association to a positive and insignificant relationship, is indicative of the main spawning cycle and must be monitored for sustainable management of the fishery by resource managers and researchers. The reproductive strategy was determined to be timing the spawning phase in September to correspond with the upwelling phenomenon (June – September), which is correlated with abundant fish food, thus increasing the offspring's survival. A seasonal fishing ban was proposed, as well as a complete ban on bamboo pipe fishing.

Author (s) Details

Lawrence Issah Braimah
Former Coordinator, West Africa Regional Fisheries Program, Liberia, P.O.Box AS 806, Ashaiman, Ghana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V6/article/view/806

Reproductive Aspects of Poecilia sphenops in a Reservoir at Morelos State, Mexico | Chapter 3 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 3

Poecilia sphenops is a native species recently reported to be widespread and widely distributed in the Balsas basin and the Amacuzac River in Morelos (Mexico). This research studied some aspects of Poecilia sphenops reproductive biology from the Emiliano Zapata reservoir in Central Mexico. Specimens were collected from January to December 2006 using a 20 m-long die with a 5 mm mesh scale. A total of 581 specimens were collected: 407 females (70.0%), 83 males (14.3%) and 91 non-differentiated sex individuals (15.7 percent ). The fish had a total length of between 20 and 96 mm and a body weight of between 0.01 and 13.07 g. The ratio of female to male sex (4.9:1) substantially deviated from the unit (χ2= 214.2, p<0.05). Monthly differences in gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes and stages of ovarian growth showed that the spawning season of P. sphenops coincided with the rainy season between July and October. In February, another reproduction peak was recorded. For males and females, the largest length recorded was 96 mm and 83 mm, respectively. Some of the variables that could restrict fish reproduction in the reservoir were temperature, food availability and efficiency. The reproductive knowledge obtained in this P. sphenops analysis would make it possible to control fisheries. No concrete steps to control this resource have been introduced to date. In exploitation, the size at first maturity should be considered.

Author(s) Details

Gómez-Márquez, José Luis
Laboratorio de Limnología, F.E.S. Zaragoza, U.N.A.M., C.P. 09230 Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Peña-Mendoza, Bertha
Laboratorio de Limnología, F.E.S. Zaragoza, U.N.A.M., C.P. 09230 Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Guzmán-Santiago, José Luis
Laboratorio de Limnología, F.E.S. Zaragoza, U.N.A.M., C.P. 09230 Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/343