Thermal Degradation Kinetics and Morphological Analysis of Poly-vinyl-butyral Cast Films Prepared with Various Organic Solvents | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 10

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is an amorphous thermoplastic, produced through the reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with butyraldehyde in an acidic medium. The different groups are responsible for the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, including adhesiveness and viscoelasticity. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films are highly promising materials as they combine interesting thermal and structural morphology properties and in many cases coating viability. However, the polymerization ability of PVB films through solvent casting methods using different solvents is fundamentally not well understood. In this rationale, the present study demonstrates the use of Isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid for the development of high quality PVB films. The resulting acetic acid-based PVB film exhibits moderated thermal stability with smooth surface morphology which is an important factor in coating applications. On the other hand, ethanol-based PVB film achieves higher thermal stability relative to all other PVB films with some structural defects attributed to less impurities in the solvents. The paper shows a variety of solvents suitable with PVB for a range of applications in the coating industry. This study will pave the development of high-performance PVB cast films.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Abesach Moshalagae Motlatle
Analytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, 2125, South Africa.

 

Lebohang Vivacious Mokoena
Analytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, 2125, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v10/4053

Oxidation Studies of Industrially Important Aliphatic and Cyclic Alcohols | Chapter 4 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 9

 The burning of industrially important aliphatic and recurrent studies has been studied utilizing inorganic and natural oxidants. The kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects of the burning of alcohols have been examined. Transition metal ions have happened effectively used to oxidize alcohols to aldehydes/ketones.Oxidation of alcohols is an industrially main reaction flexible several useful output. Organic oxidants have been usually used to oxidize alcohols to carbonyl compounds but inorganic oxidants have exceptionally been secondhand. Literature survey also shows that change metal ions of the first series have existed sparingly used to ready for action the oxidation of alcohols.This chapter depicts the first order kinetics of the burning of straight  chain and branched aliphatic alcohols and recurrent alcohols by a variety of inorganic and basic oxidizing agents - Ce(IV) in sour medium and K2S2O8 in acidic medium, N-Bromosuccinimide in alkaline medium and N-Chloro 4-methylbenzenesulphonamide, sodium seasoning  in alkaline medium. The reliance of the oxidation rate on intoxicating and oxidant concentrations, ionic strength of response medium and temperature has existed studied in detail. The thermodynamic incitement parameters of the disintegration process have been determined from the difference of oxidation rate accompanying temperature and elucidated in terms of the molecular movement of the oxidation process.Suitable backlash mechanisms have been submitted for the oxidation of alcohols in the demeanor and absence of change metal ions. For each series of alcohols substitute, the sequence of corrosion rates has been explained on the footing of their steric, structural and isomeric determinants, ring size and chain length. The order of catalytic efficiency of the change metal ions has existed determined for each succession of alcohols under study and compared with the theoretically anticipated sequence.

Author(s) Details:

D. V. Prabhu,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai 400007, India.

Chetana M. Rana,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai 400007, India.

Harichandra A. Parbat,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai 400007, India.

Muzaffar A. Tandel,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Mumbai 400007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V9/article/view/10698

Oxidation Studies of Perfumery Phenols Found in Indian Spices| Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 6

 The determinable aspects of the disintegration of phenols to the corresponding quinones have happened studied and reported in biography but there are few reports of the energetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic studies of the oxidation of phenols.This division deals with the decay of some perfumery phenols found in Indian spices by a difference of inorganic and natural oxidants using energetic methods.The burning of the perfumery isomeric phenols, Eugenol (4-Allyl-2-methoxy phenol) and Isoeugenol (2-Methoxy-4(prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol) has been carried out utilizing 1) inorganic oxidants,KBrO3,KIO3 and K2S2O8 in sour medium and 2)N-Bromosuccinimide and Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)azanide (Chloramine T) in alkaline medium.These phenols are in the direction of the Indian spices,clove (Syzygium aromaticum), fruit (Myristicafragrans), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Basil (Tulsi) (Ocimum basilium) and are used in the manufacture of perfumes,fragrances and flavouring powers.The oxidation was intentional under first order kinetic environments with respect to the oxidant ie.[oxidant]<<[phenol].For two together the phenols studied,the oxidation rate raised with phenol aggregation but decreased accompanying oxidant concentration.The sequences of decay rates of the phenols for the different oxidants has been told on the basis of their steric determinants,isomeric and structural appearance. From the variation of disintegration rate with temperature, the strength of activation and additional thermodynamic activation limits were evaluated and elucidated in terms of the microscopic dynamics of the oxidation process.Suitable backlash mechanisms have happened suggested for the burning of the phenols under study.

Author(s) Details:

Damodar V. Prabhu,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Mumbai-400007, India.

Chetana N. Rana,
Department of Chemistry, N B Mehta Science College, Bordi, Dahanu, Palghar District, Maharashtra, India.

Harichandra A. Parbat,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Mumbai-400007, India.

Muzaffar A. Tandel,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Mumbai-400007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPCSR-V6/article/view/9255

Impact of Transition Metal Ions on the Oxidation of Perfumery Alcohols| Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

  This investigation's goal is to use kinetic techniques to examine the catalytic effects of transition metal ions on the oxidation of a number of perfumery and aroma alcohols by Ce (IV) in an acidic medium.

There are few reports of the kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of the oxidation of alcohols in the literature compared to the quantitative features of the conversion of alcohols to aldehydes and ketone.

Alcohol oxidation has frequently been catalysed by the metal ions Cr (VI), Os (VIII), and Ru, which are all toxic to the environment.

With Ce(IV) acting as the oxidant in an acidic media, we looked at how perfumery and scent alcohols oxidise.
In an effort to reduce environmental impact, primary acyclic alcohols Geraniol, Nerol, and Citronellol, secondary cyclic alcohols Borneol and Isoborneol, and primary unsaturated alcohol Cinnamyl alcohol have all been successfully catalysed by the use of less harmful and expensive transition metal ions.

The oxidation rates of alcohols with respect to the inorganic oxidant were calculated using kinetic techniques under first order kinetic circumstances.

The oxidation rate for each alcohol rose with [alc.] but fell with Ce(IV) concentration.

The energy of activation and thermodynamic activation parameters were assessed from the fluctuation of oxidation rate with temperature and interpreted in terms of the molecular dynamics of the oxidation process.

 For each perfumery alcohol, the sequence of the transition metal ions' catalytic efficiency was measured, and it was compared to the anticipated sequence predicted based on the stability order of the metal complexes generated as unstable intermediates during the oxidation reaction. With a transition metal's concentration, alcohol oxidation rates rise. The oxidation of aromatic alcohols has been studied both with and without the use of transition metal ion catalysts, and suitable reaction pathways have been proposed.

Author(s) Details:

Damodar V. Prabhu,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Mumbai 400007, India.

Harichandra A. Parbat,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Mumbai 400007, India.

Chetana N. Rana,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Mumbai 400007, India.

Himanshu Gupta,
Department of Chemistry, Wilson College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Mumbai 400007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V4/article/view/7806