The Awareness of Pharmacovigilance among Medical Doctors in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

Aims: The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting among interns and clinical post-graduates in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

 

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs has played a major role in the detection of suspected, serious, and unusual ADRs previously undetected during the clinical trial phases. ADRs are a threat to the patient’s safety as well as the quality of life and they increase the health care cost considerably. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs has played a major role in the detection of suspected, serious, and unusual ADRs previously undetected during the clinical trial phases. Proper monitoring and reporting of ADRs for the prevention and management of ADRs is the need of the hour.

 

Methodology: This was an observational, questionnaire-based study. A pre-validated questionnaire (from previous studies) containing both open and close-ended items was used as the evaluation tool. One hundred and fifty-two interns and clinical post-graduates were included in the study. Participation in the study was voluntary and without any obligation.  The study was rolled out after receiving approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The previously validated questionnaire consisting of a total of 24 items was distributed to the health care professionals. The data was analysed using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation tests with the help of SPPS software 20.0.

 

Results: Out of 152 participants, 48(31.6%) were year 1, 44(28.95%) were year 2 clinical post-graduate students; as compared to 60(39.47%) interns. Thirty-two (21.1%) participants out of which 20 interns, 7(14.6%) year 1 and 5(11.4%) year 2 clinical postgraduates, had knowledge of the local peripheral monitoring centre. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). 88.2% of the total participants had never reported an ADR to the pharmacovigilance centre. There was no significant difference among the three groups of participants, in terms of mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice (p>0.05), but there was a significant (p<0.05) and positive correlation between knowledge and practice (r=0.2110) and attitude and practice (r=0.2415). Pharmacovigilance programmes have played a major role in the detection of ADRs and the banning of several drugs from the market. However, underreporting of ADRs is one of the major problems associated with Pharmacovigilance programmes.

 

Conclusion: The training of pharmacovigilance activities should start early in the professional training of doctors and needs to be reinforced during the postgraduate course. There is a great need to create awareness regarding Pharmacovigilance and to promote the reporting of ADR amongst healthcare professionals. The health care professionals should realize that ADR reporting is an integral part of their clinical activities and this is very necessary for better patient care.

 

Author (s) Details

Sapna Patil
Department of Pharmacology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

P. A. Patil
Department of Pharmacology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

S. Javali
Department of Community Medicine, USM-KLE IMP, Belagavi, India.

 

Ameeta Patil
Bioclinica Safety and Regulatory Solutions, Mysore, India.

 

Heethal Jaiprakash
Department of Pharmacology, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v6/1920

A Survey of Perioperative Antimicrobial Practices in Dogs and Cats in Spain | Chapter 7 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

 This study focal points an overuse of antimicrobials in perioperative processes in small animal surgery in Spain. The happening of bacterial resistance to most of the usually used antibiotics certified for veterinary use is a serious question for both animals and persons. Appropriate use of perioperative antimicrobials can significantly weaken the risk of post- operative infections. Still, inappropriate antimicrobial use can influence the creation of multidrug- resistant microorganisms, increased costs, host vegetation disruption, side effects and raised risk of hospital- captured infections. This survey evaluated the current perioperative use of antimicrobials in narrow animals by Languages derived from latin veterinarians. A web-based inquiry using an connected to the internet platform was designed to judge the current perioperative use of antimicrobials in small animal resection. Responses were represented utilizing descriptive enumerations and a statistical analysis of the union between mathematical data and perioperative antimicrobial use was performed. Pre-functioning antimicrobials were administered in clean abscission by up to 68.3% of participants, 81.0% in clean-adulterated surgery and 71.3% in dirty enucleation, while in the post-operative period, antimicrobials were executed by up to 86.3% of shareholders in clean surgery, 93.2% in clean-contaminated enucleation and 87.5% in dirty surgery. Determinants considered “very important” for antimicrobial draft were the degree of wound adulteration, patient immunosuppression and use of prosthesis. The most repeatedly used antimicrobial was testing-lactamase-resistant (or potentiated) penicillin. Post-influential antimicrobial use was associated with parties without specific surgical graduate training. The survey directed on antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary cure and did exclude other agents secondhand in human cure, such as carbapenems, which are not urged for veterinary medicine.  The study stresses the importance of addressing unfit antimicrobial use through evidence-based directions, increased research and enhanced instructional efforts for mature antimicrobial practices in small animal veterinary care. Evidence-based directions and further education concerning the correct use of antimicrobial prophylaxis are recommended.

Author(s) Details:

Ignacio Otero Balda,
Department of Small Animal Surgery, Section of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland.

Manuel Fuertes-Recuero,
Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Silvia Penelo Hidalgo,
Hospitalization, Emergencies and Critical Care Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Jorge Espinel Rupérez,
School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.

Benoit Lapostolle,
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain.

Tania Ayllón-Santiago,
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain and Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Gustavo Ortiz-Díez,
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V7/article/view/12900

Physics Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge | Chapter 3 | Professional Development of Outstanding Physics Teachers

 Pedagogical content knowledge has become a framework for exploring what teachers need to know or to develop for effective teaching. Physics teachers’ PCK includes five components. In this chapter, the self-made “Questionnaire of Physics Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge” was used. The results indicated that the physics teachers’ level of PCK is on the intermediate and many factors help physics teachers to develop their PCK. In order to develop PCK, physics teachers should understand the nature of physics, general pedagogy knowledge, and the context knowledge (students, schools and societies) in which they are teaching.

Author(s) Details:

Tingting Liu,
Institute of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271000, China.

Haibin Sun,
Institute of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PDOPT/article/view/12278

Implementation of Nursing Process at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital in Anambra State, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 This member determine by virtue of what well nurses have achieved the utilization of the process labeling also the determinants that contribute to the nurses’ advance or failure in employing the process. The findings will help to suggest attainable measures that can be captured to alleviate the determinants militating against its use or strengthen its use. Nursing became engaging attention client total need and created concerted work to develop more systematic and realistic pattern for determining and conference the needs of her patients.The state of the study consists of nurses occupied in various wards and special wholes in NAUTH.  Demographic data was assembled using a pre-proven, self-report questionnaire, and accused' responses to questions about potential influences on the nursing process were written.  The hypothesis was proven using Chi-square reasoning at significant level of 0.05.Out of the workgroup of 143 nurses majority (76.2%) destitute fully executed nursing process in routine care of clients. Only 23.8% have executed nursing process fully. 65% of the nurses recognized lack of cooperation with nurses as the major hindrance to implementation of tending process, majority of respondents (74.1%) afterward suggested arrangement of regular restore workshops as a habit to impacting and promoting the necessary knowledge of realistic use of nursing process so that avert the identified question. Majority of the respondents (74.1%) in systematizing regular restore workshop trainings will help to advance the implementation of nursing process in NAUTH.In NAUTH, the gaining nourishment by suckling process is still being extensively achieved in the everyday customer care. The supervision of underlings as they follow the nursing process must be a needing immediate attention for nurse supervisors.

Author(s) Details:

Michael Nnaemeka Ajemba,
Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Perpetua Ngozi Eze,
Department of Nursing Science, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Ebube Chinwe Arene,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Chinemerem Henry Ugo,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Robert Chibueze Osuji,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V1/article/view/11064

The Theory of Hierarchical Cores Case: Analysis of Use of Technologies Level among Higher Education Students in Mexico | Chapter 15 | Recent Studies in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

 This paper shows the theoretical development of hierarchy by cores or kernels and an algorithm used to obtain

an interesting class or partition from a hierarchy. Also shown is a the theorem about the Cores Optimal Criterion
and how it is expressed as a function of the masses of the points of the vector space and product scale points, the
inertia of the cloud formed by those two points or hierarchical nodes, which are called subcores or sub-kernels.
Using the theory shown, three factors from which hierarchical aggregation of variables under study was built, as
well as hierarchical cores showing the level of use of pocket computing technologies by students. The principal
factors influencing the level of use of pocket computing technologies among higher education students is
analyzed from a theoretical aggregation development based on hierarchical cores. The theoretical part includes
the development of an algorithm used to obtain an interesting class or partition from a hierarchy. The
experimental work carried out included design, preparation and application of a questionnaire to higher
education students in Mexico. A pilot test was carried out to check timing and repetition of questions. Data was
recorded, validated, and mathematically and statistically analyzed.

Author (s) Details

Francisco Casanova-del-Angel
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la ESIA, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, C.P: 07320, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/233

Critical Study on Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Ondo and Osun States of Nigeria: New Skills and Knowledge Acquired as a Result of Participation | Chapter 4 | Perspectives of Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of new skills and knowledge acquired by the beneficiaries as a result of their participation in the poverty alleviation programmes of the National Fadama Development Project III and the Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC) Programmes. This study adopted a descriptive research design. A total of 150 beneficiaries comprising 70 FADAMA III and 80 JDPC beneficiaries selected purposively from Ondo and Osun were picked for the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. This was “Questionnaire for the beneficiaries of Fadama III and JDPC programmes (QBFJ)”. The QBFJ was designed to gather information on the skills and knowledge acquired by the beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using percentage and chi-square statistics. The study indicated that seven new skills were acquired by the beneficiaries. The beneficiaries also acquired knowledge on ten different types of management programmes. The result further revealed that skills acquired by the beneficiaries of poverty alleviation programmes were significantly influenced by their gender (x2 = 39.93, p <0.05), Bees keeping was the major skill acquired with 60% of the beneficiaries while 66.7% acquired knowledge on tree crops management. Conclusion: This study has established that good implementation of poverty alleviation programmes will improve the standard of living of the beneficiaries. Poverty incidence can thus become reduced with increased investment in people, improving their quality and enhancing their employment prospects. It is recommended that priorities for reform should include emphasizing investment in basic education, working to improve social equity in educational provision and encouraging vocational education and training.

Author(s) Details

Dr. E. O. Akinyemi 
Department of Arts Education, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/165