A Concise Clinicopathological Handbook of Diabetes Mellitis | Book Publisher International

 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic illnesses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, about By 2025, Asian developing countries would account for 60% of diabetic patients. Insulin, as well as other hormones, are produced by pancreatic beta cells. Increased blood sugar levels are required for insulin release above basal levels, and insulin, as an anabolic hormone, will aid in the process of glycogenesis, protein synthesis, and glucose uptake in muscles and adipose tissue. Type I Diabetes Mellitus is caused by a complex interaction of inherited, environmental, and immunological variables that lead to immune system dysfunction, pancreatic cell damage, and insulin deficiency. There is strong evidence of lymphocytic insulinitis and cell-mediated autoimmunity, with helper/inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte subsets, as well as natural killer cells, present. Because of compensatory over-secretion of insulin by pancreatic islets, glucose tolerance remains normal in the early stages despite insulin resistance. The pathophysiology of long-term diabetic consequences such microvascular disease (microangiopathy), retinal disease (retinopathy), kidney disease (nephropathy), and nerve dysfunction (neuropathy) is currently being studied extensively. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are rapidly absorbed and mainly bound by serum albumin after oral dosing. Both of these medicines go through CYP450 metabolism, which is mediated by several isozymes. Increased frequency of infections, sepsis, preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, foetal malformations, large newborns, labour irregularities, and unexpected foetal deaths are all maternal problems related with diabetes during pregnancy.

Author(s) Details

Sourya Acharya
Department of Internal Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ACCHDM/issue/view/282

A Case Report on Sheehan’s Syndrome | Chapter 1 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 Hypopituitarism known as Sheehan's Syndrome arises following a major postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Because to improved obstetric care, Sheehan's Syndrome has become a rare occurrence in affluent countries. It is still a rare and serious disease in the Indian setting. The date of presentation is determined by the severity of the pituitary necrosis, with severe cases presenting right away and less severe cases presenting years or decades later. A young woman experienced preeclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, and postpartum haemorrhage at the time of her early twin pregnancy delivery. Three years later, she had secondary amenorrhoea. Symptoms such as weakness, hypotension, cold intolerance, loss of sexual hair, breast and vulval atrophy, and loss of desire validated the diagnosis. The levels of ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin, Estradiol, Cortisol, and Sodium, as well as Estradiol, Cortisol, and Sodium, were all low, supporting the diagnosis. Cortisone, Thyroxine, Estrogen, and Progesterone replacement therapy enhanced her overall health. Her menstrual cycles were restored, her vaginal organs were revitalised, and she regained her libido. Less severe types of Sheehan's syndrome have a slow onset and a hazy presentation, making them difficult to identify.

Author (S) Details

Alla Satyanarayana Reddy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College & Hospital, Karaikal, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India.

Aruna Giri
Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V9/article/view/2055