Causes and Disaster Risk Reduction Measures for Hydrometerological Disaster in Uttarakhand, India | Chapter 10 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

 The frequency and intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters (HMD) in Uttarakhand have grown during the previous 15 years. These catastrophic disasters have taken a significant toll on the human population, resources, and state infrastructure in terms of the economy and society. As a result of climatic, geological, and human population increases, the number of fatalities and property damage caused by hazards in Uttarakhand has increased. Unscientific and need-based development activities are disrupting the natural ecosystem and increasing the vulnerability of the environment to natural disasters. To better understand the HMD trend, all districts in Uttarakhand were divided into three zones based on Himalayan altitude, and a bar chart was created to show the relationship between HMD event, location zone, and time of HMD event over a 10-year period. After you've figured out the HMD trend, you'll want to figure out which districts in Uttarakhand are the most seriously affected. In this paper, we also conducted a comprehensive analysis and study of the causes, time factor, and Disaster Risk Reduction measures for HMD and concluded that, due to their nature, these disasters are difficult to predict and control, but we can only reduce the impact of HMD by strongly implementing Pre-disaster mitigation measures such as proper planning, public awareness, training, knowledge of mitigation measures, structural and nonstructural measures, and monitoring the hive.

Author(S) Details

Vinay Kumar Pandey
Geosystems Infrastructure, Mumbai, Maharastra, India.

Ajai Mishra
Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, U.P., India.

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Study on Land Use Activities and Their Effects on Soil Erosion on the Slopes of Kajulu Hills, Kisumu County, Kenya | Chapter 3 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 Soil erosion is a natural occurrence, but human activities speed it up ten to forty times faster than natural events. Because soils build at a slower rate than they are destroyed, it calls for mitigation measures to reduce the consequences of erosion. In Kenya's upland habitat, the Kajulu hills, a research was undertaken on land use activities and their impacts on soil erosion. The study evaluated the efficiency of the residents' mitigation strategies for reducing the effects of erosion on the hill slopes. The study used a sample size of 295 families out of 1600 that engaged in various mitigating actions. Using the collector ditch methodology, the researchers gathered data on the amount of soil (kg) lost from agricultural lands. Frequency distribution tables and the Man U-test were used to examine the data. The results showed that agricultural land without mitigating measures lost twice as much soil (1.198 kg/m2) as plots with cut off ditches (0.615 kg/m2) and vegetative strips (0.904 kg/m2) with Man U=7. Because it was based on one rainy season, these findings were higher than the global estimate of soil erosion in arable mountainous terrain, which ranges between 1.3-40.kg/m2/year (13-40T/Ha/year). The data revealed that the farmers' soil erosion mitigation methods, such as cut-off ditches and vegetative strips, were effective with Man U=7 under the cut-off ditches and vegetative strips.

Author(s) Details

J. Otieno
Department of Geography and Social Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

A. C. Otieno
Department of Geography and Social Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

K. W. Tonui
Department of Geography and Social Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

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