Using Eco-friendly Ultrasound Waves for High-Performance Cotton Dyeing with Direct Dyes | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 9

 Direct dyes are the most widely used dyes for cotton fabric, but their drawback includes low washing wet fastness, alkali demand, and time and energy demand. This study treated cotton fabrics with ultrasound at powers from 0-250 watts for periods from zero to 60 min. Globar solution in concentrations ranging from 0-30g/l was used as a treatment medium. The samples dyed at room temperature (25oC) without salt after being exposed to ultrasound energy for 30 min had shown comparable results to the conventionally dyed pieces that were treated with 30g/l Globar salt for 30 min at 90oC. Moreover, the results showed some enhancements in the fastness of washing, rubbing, and light, as well as CIE color components ‘L' brightness, 'a' red-green, and 'b' yellow-blue components. The results also showed that the samples dyed with ultrasound acquired more color than the normal dyeing method, where the color change (∆E) was 119 and 102, respectively. More over the dyeing at room temperature and for a much shorter time when it compared to the conventional technique.  

Author(s) Details:

Kh. Elnagar,
Chemical Metrology Division, National Institute for Standards, Tersa Street, EL-Haram, Saudi Arabia.

M. El-Gazery,
Ultrasonic Metrology Lab., National Institute for Standards, Tersa Street, EL-Haram, Saudi Arabia.

F. M. Tera,
Chemical Metrology Division, National Institute for Standards, Tersa Street, EL-Haram, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V9/article/view/10268

Low Firing Glazes for Ceramics | Chapter 4 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 The pottery glazes are thin coatings covering the ceramic output. From a structural viewpoint, they are glass, non-crystalline public, which award gloss, smoothness, and water resistance, in addition to mechanical, beautiful, and hygienic properties to the produce. Glazes significantly influence most of the final possessions of ceramic good, mainly on surface parameters aforementioned s as color, glossy, or coarseness. Usually, these properties have been transformed by the synthetic composition and the firing limits.The concerns of obtaining high-quality glazes agreeable with the support they be contingent on are permanent. The tendency of lowering the firing hotness, especially when the aging of glaze (the second exciting) is done at hotnesses that are lower than the temperature of the makeup firing of the bulk (the first firing), is an essential goal of the sciences. Thus, the two actions lowering the firing hotness and improving the quality of glazes – do not expel each other; they must affiliate with organization a permanent correlation, so expect composition adaptations is natural.The study followed by expanding on a new glaze for bone china accompanying lowered arousing temperature.The newly projected studied glaze has a reduced firing temperature – 10500C, accompanying 1300C lower than the exciting temperature of industrial glaze, an far-reaching range of melting and softening (this allows an optimum bearing of style on the product, avoiding likely leakages at edges and corners); high stickiness in the fused state; unique gloss, on account of lead oxide; developed fusibility and a better linking of the colorant from transfer publication (decalcomania).

Author(s) Details:

Cezara Voica,
National Institute for Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Str. 67 – 103, P.O. Box 700, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V5/article/view/9737