Erbium Laser Therapy for Treating Onychomycosis | Chapter 1 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Onychomycosis is the disease that can most frequently affect the nails of humans (50%), being responsible for more than half of the cases of nail infection. Fungal nail infections are caused by various fungal organisms (fungi). This case aimed to explore Erbium Laser Therapy for treating Onychomycosis. Often, the cause of the disease is a type of fungus called “dermatophyte”. Yeasts and moulds can also cause infections. The infections can occur at any age, but are more common in older people. As the nail ages, it can become brittle and dry out. The cracks, porosity that are present in the nails are the reason for allowing the entry of fungi. Other factors, such as decreased blood circulation to the feet, which occurs because diabetes is present and a weakened immune system, can also play a role. An inflammatory infection of the toenails can start changing the nail colour in athlete's foot (foot fungus) and can extend from one nail to another. However, getting an infection from another person can occur if they employ the same nail cutter.  There is a traumatic factor also due to an accident or shoes to tight. The treatment of onychomycosis may require taking oral antifungal medications combined with long-term treatment. In addition, other treatments  can be performed, ranging from surgery (laminectomy, matrixectomy), onychomycosis, to the use of new therapies such as photodynamic therapy, iontophoresis, and lasers today.

 

Author (s) Details

Aristides Arellano Huacuja
Plastic surgery, Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla, 20 Sur 2539, Puebla, Pué, Mexico.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5496

 

OAM in Free Space Optics and under Water Acoustics | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

Optical communication using Laser is gaining its popularity for free space and under water communication. The short distance communication is possible with the help of angular moment of waves and multiplexing. The Laser devices once installed for applications have low power output generating waves which are suitable for wireless communication in terabit range and in acoustic signals under sea. The waves also working under turbulent conditions and giving high data transmission capacity and high spectral efficiency. Here we discuss the Orbital angular momentum waves, types of OAM waves and Laser generating different OAM waves.

Author(s) Details:

Manisha Khulbe,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash University of Technology, East Campus, Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14173