A Comparative Study of Call-By-Call and Two-Call Traffic Distribution Models in Computer Networks | Chapter 8 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 1

Naldi's Markov chain model offers an analytical framework to understand user behaviors in competitive environments involving two operators, such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The model investigates the influence of blocking probability and initial user preferences on traffic distribution between operators. In its original form, the model assumes a "call-by-call" basis, where users switch operators after a failed call attempt, favoring operators with lower blocking probabilities.

This paper extends the model by introducing a "two-call" attempt framework, allowing users to make two consecutive attempts with the same operator before switching. Results show that this modification significantly enhances traffic share for operators, particularly those with higher blocking probabilities, as it reduces immediate traffic loss following a single failure.

A comparative analysis between the call-by-call and two-call models reveals that the latter improves traffic retention, increases connection success rates, and decreases churn. This study underscores the critical impact of blocking probabilities on user behaviors and demonstrates how the two-call model mitigates these challenges to optimize traffic distribution.

The findings highlight the value of user behaviors modelling for network optimization, providing actionable insights for ISPs and operators. By adopting the two-call approach, operators can improve quality of service (QoS), manage congestion effectively, and retain users more successfully in competitive markets.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Virendra Kumar Tiwari
Department of Computer Applications, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (MCA), Bhopal, M.P. 462022, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcsru/v1/3863

A Cross Sectional Study of Gender Differences in Internet Preferences and Usage Pattern among Medical Students in Sub Urban Region | Chapter 11 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 Background: The Internet began in the 1950s with the invention of electronic computers. The use of the internet has rapidly increased in our daily lives, and it is having a direct impact on people's thoughts and behaviours. With the advancement of the Internet, both male and female users have become inextricably reliant on it as a means of exchanging ideas, forming communication networks, and seeking for information. The current study is an attempt to measure the gender difference in internet usage due to differences in opinion among researchers addressing internet usage among gender.

Materials and Methods: At a tertiary care centre, a cross sectional study was conducted on 120 first-year MBBS students. A questionnaire was used to gather information.

Results: In comparison to earlier studies, the current study found gender disparities in awareness and pattern of internet use among first-year medical students.

Conclusion: The Internet has become inextricably linked to today's educational system. Individual academics are becoming increasingly reliant on the Internet for educational objectives. Because both women have had more exposure to technology through their educational experiences, there is no gender gap in internet usage.

Author(S) Details

P. Rajasekhar
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India.

C. N. Veena
Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Harohalli, Karnataka, India.

Srujan Kumar
PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India.



View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V2/article/view/5440