Evolution of Long-term Care Neighbourhoods for Older People: The Rhetoric and Reality of Meeting Older People’s Future Care Needs in Japan and England | Chapter 10 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 

The world population aged 65+ will triple from 6.9% to 20% by 2050. The fact that people are living longer is a positive reflection on improvements in health and long-term care services; at the same time, falling birth rates are leading to a decrease in the working age populations available to provide care. This chapter considers the health and social care challenges that many countries are increasingly facing with an aging population and a reduced workforce. Providing long-term care services to meet the needs of older people is complex. As people age, they will require both health and social care services to maintain their functioning and retain a good quality of life. Integration of these, previously separate services will need to be achieved in order to provide cost-effective long-term care. The World Health Organisation recommended in 2020 that all countries should have integrated long-term care strategies to better support their older populations. Exploration of the rhetoric and reality of policies of integration of neighbourhood services for older people is now needed. Such an analysis can provide evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies, but it may also highlight the need to temper rhetoric with reality, as well as identify challenges for the future.  Countries are at various points in the journey to address the challenge of integration. Some, like Japan, which has the most rapidly ageing society in the world, started to address this challenge systematically in the 1990s. By 2017, it had introduced a national policy for integrated long-term health and social care services for older people at a local geographical level (neighbourhood). Other countries, such as England, have only recently embarked on a plan for integration of health services for older people. It has also chosen to develop services at a neighbourhood level. We describe the evolution of the neighbourhood approach to care for older people in both countries. We also consider historical and cultural factors, and the future role of technology. Through international comparisons, the reader can identify critical lessons that could inform the strategy development in their own country. In conclusion, this chapter provides an overview comparing the development of neighbourhood care models in two countries with different historical, cultural and health and social care backgrounds.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ala Szczepura

Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, UK.

 

Harue Masaki
Vice-President Office, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.

 

Deidre Wild
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK.

 

Toshio Nomura
Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, UK.

 

Mark Collinson
MC2S Consultancy Services, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, UK.

 

Gabriela Matouskova
Hope for the Community CIC, UK.

 

Rosie Kneafsey
Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, UK.

 

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v4/5007

Neoplasms, Breast & Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates in the UK and 20 Major Developed Countries 1989-91 v 2013-15 – A Comparative Study | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Introduction: The United Kingdom's cancer survival rates have been chastised for being much higher than those of twenty other developed countries (MDC). As a result, between 1989 and 2015, we compared current UK Total Age-Standardised-Death-Rates (ASDR), female Breast and Prostate cancer mortality rates with twenty (MDC) to see if there was any notable difference.

Method: For the years 1989-91 to 2013-15, WHO data ASDR per million (pm) for total, breast, and prostate cancer death rates were investigated. To determine any significant variations between the UK and other countries' outcomes over time, Confidence Intervals (+/- 95%) are employed. For each country's Breast and Prostate Mortality, Chi square tests were used.

Except for Greece and Japan, all country's Total ASDR, Breast, and Prostate cancer death rates decreased.

Male cancer mortality rates in the ASDR ranged from 1653pm in Portugal to 1232pm in Sweden. At 1475pm, the United Kingdom was ranked 10th, although had previously been ranked 6th.

Total ASDR Female rates fell from 1176pm in Denmark to 740pm in Japan, with the UK's 1092pm currently in fifth place after previously being second.

For both sexes, no country's total rates declined significantly more than Britain's, which fell significantly more than four other countries.

Breast mortality rates declined much more than five countries, ranging from 206pm in Ireland to 99pm in Japan.

While Breast mortality decreased in every country, Breast mortality decreased much more in Norway and the United Kingdom than Prostate mortality, while Prostate mortality decreased more in France.

Prostate mortality fell from 213pm in Norway to 60pm in Japan, 167pm in the UK, and five countries had lower rates than the UK.

Conclusions: The findings are positive for both total and breast cancer services in the United Kingdom, demonstrating that the NHS can achieve more with proportionately less spending because Britain spends less on health than most MDC. The need of improving UK prostate results is briefly explored, including the need for a public awareness campaign similar to the successful Breast cancer awareness programme of the 1990s.

Author (s) Details

Professor Colin Pritchard
Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK.

Brian Birch
School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.

Tamish Hickish
Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK.

Emily Rosenorn-Lanng
Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2112