Enhanced Inspection of Buried Pipelines Subjected to Electromagnetic Interference from Transmission Power Lines and External Cathodic Protection System | Chapter 03 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 12

 

Using the combined CIPS-DCVG (Close Interval Potential Survey)-(Direct Current Gradient Potential) technique provides data on the cathodic protection system's potential and information about possible defects in the pipeline coating. The great advantage of the combined inspection is that both techniques are performed simultaneously under the same climatic and soil conditions, eliminating spatial error. However, in order to properly assess the integrity of the pipeline, the data provided by the combined technique must be accurate. In regions with electromagnetic interference, the quality of the data collected in the field may be compromised. This study demonstrates through a practical example that the effects of electromagnetic interference on data collected in the CIPS-DCVG survey can be mitigated by using GPS-synchronised stationary data loggers at gas pipeline cathodic protection system measurement points.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Anderson Teixeira Kreischer
NTS-Nova Transportadora do Sudeste S/A, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Fernando B. Mainier
UFF-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Roger Matsumoto Moreira
UFF-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v12/6711

Innovative Diagnostic Techniques for the Preservation of Historical Monuments: Immediate and Instrumental Approaches| Chapter 3 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 9

 

This chapter examines various auscultation techniques used for the conservation and pathological diagnosis of historical monuments and ancient constructions. These structures present technical challenges due to their complexity and fragility, making early and accurate diagnosis essential to prevent significant damage.

 

Inspection techniques are classified into immediate and instrumental methods Immediate methods are based on organoleptic observations or simple tools, and instrumental methods utilize advanced devices for detailed data acquisition. Key immediate techniques include visual inspection, material analysis, and lesion mapping, while instrumental methods encompass thermography, ultrasound, mechanical resistance measurement, and humidity and salt mapping. The innovative use of drones is highlighted as a valuable inspection tool, enabling access to complex areas while minimizing risks to workers and monuments.

 

The chapter emphasizes that these techniques enable faster, less invasive, and more cost-effective interventions, ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage through a preventive approach. It concludes by noting the importance of combining field techniques with laboratory analyses for more comprehensive diagnostics.

 

Author(s) Details

Ruben Rodriguez Elizalde

Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Rambla del Poblenou, 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v9/3683

Impact of Asbestos in Construction: Presence in 20th Century Buildings | Chapter 8 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 1

Asbestos is a Greek-origin word that means inextinguishable and unerasable. It is a naturally occurring mineral valued for its high chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and insulating properties. Consequently, it has been widely used in various types of construction materials. Old buildings typically refer to those constructed during the second half of the 20th century. In Europe, America, and many other parts of the world, numerous buildings erected between the 1960s and 1980s contain asbestos, which can be found in both structural and facility components.

 

However, the beneficial properties of asbestos are now overshadowed by its health risks. Scientific research has revealed that asbestos is a hazardous substance capable of causing numerous irreversible and often fatal respiratory diseases, as well as some fatal non-respiratory illnesses. These diseases can manifest many years after initial exposure to asbestos. As a result, asbestos has been the cause of a significant number of serious occupational diseases and deaths. Consequently, many countries have banned its use. Despite this prohibition, the challenge of managing asbestos that was previously used in buildings remains.

 

This section outlines the procedures to follow when rehabilitating a building that may contain asbestos or when demolishing such structures. The first challenge is diagnosing the presence of asbestos, as it is invisible and odorless, making detection difficult. Once confirmed, the next challenge is asbestos removal, which must be carried out following strict protocols to minimize health risks. This study noted that an element that contains asbestos if it is consistent and it is in a good conservation state, is not dangerous. The dangerous element is the one that can release asbestos fibers into the air; these fibers can be breathed in by workers and cause serious illnesses caused by asbestos. In many countries, there are registries of companies with asbestos risk. These records are an instrument to find out which companies handle asbestos in each country. Companies involved in activities or operations using asbestos or materials containing it are required to register in these databases.

 

Author (s) Details

Ruben Rodriguez Elizalde
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v1/1709

Evaluating the Condition of Exterior Wood at Feel Viana Hotel in its Initial Years of Operation for Sustainable Maintenance Planning | Chapter 1 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 A regular evaluation of the applied wood condition is important since the initial years of service, when some signs of damage could start to appear, to optimize the treatments during their lifetime and reduce maintenance costs. This study presents a methodology for inspecting and classifying damages in wood relying on visual inspection. The presented approach enables more affordable, widespread, and frequent monitoring of wooden elements in use, allowing a quantitative classification and promoting their routine maintenance. The methodology, mainly oriented to non-structural wooden components, was tested in exterior wood (Pinus Sylvestris, Japanese Cryptomeria and Abies Alba Mill) with up to six years of service in the hotel FeelViana building, located near the Atlantic Sea, in northern Portugal. Despite its relatively brief period of operation, the wood from the building displays indications of both abiotic and biotic degradation across all its different facade orientations. Based on that, the study highlights the natural aging of wood according to the building's age, orientation, maintenance treatments, and exposure conditions. These findings provide insights into conservation plan optimization and emphasize the diverse needs for regular maintenance of wooden elements in outdoor environments, from an early age, adjusting the type and frequency of treatment to their orientation and exposure.

Author(s) Details:

Joana Oliveira Almeida,
ProMetheus, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal and CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Pedro Delgado,
ProMetheus, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal and CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

António Labrincha,
ProMetheus, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.

Helena Parauta,
ProMetheus, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.

Bruno Lima,
Hotel FeelViana, 4935-159 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V9/article/view/13824