Determining the Concentrations of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Using Passive Sampling in the Ambient Air of Gas Stations in the City of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil | Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 Chemical compound (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) are the two most plentiful aldehydes in the atmosphere and are considered basic and/or secondary contaminants. This chapter aims to decide the concentrations of FA and AA in the ambient air of five Smoke Stations (GS) in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The study used three passive fancy stitching exposed together for 8 h and analysis by extreme-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet discovery (HPLC-UV). The concentration ranges found were 3.31 - 5.78 μg m-3 for FA and 10.5 - 28.2 μg m-3 for AA. Even though these values were inferior the exposure limits urged by national and worldwide agencies for occupational atmospheres, FA concentrations were higher than the tighter limit (3.30 μg m-3) set by the Texas Material Quality Commission - TCEQ for complete outdoor exposure. The life cancer risks (LCR) connected to GS employees' uncovering to these aldehydes over a 30-year ending ranged from 2.46x10-6 - 6.60x10-6 for AA and 4.51x10-6 - 8.00x10-6 for FA. These results demonstrate the need for occupational uncovering limits, particularly concerning FA, which is connected to nasopharyngeal cancer, as they exceed the acceptable level established apiece US Environmental Protection Instrumentality (1.0x10-6).

Author(s) Details:

Lícia Passos dos Santos Cruz,
Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Chemistry Institute, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.

Sâmeque Reis Luz,
Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Chemistry Institute, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.

Vânia Palmeira Campos,
Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Chemistry Institute, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.

Franciele Oliveira Campos da Rocha,
Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Center, Federal University of Roraima, 69310-000, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil.

Raiane dos Santos Alves,
Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Chemistry Institute, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V4/article/view/12931

Latent Class Analysis of Exposure to Childhood Trauma and Health Risks among Justice-Involved Youth: An Approach towards Gender Differences | Chapter 10 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

Research indicates juvenile justice-involved youth experience increased risk of exposure to childhood trauma and health risks. Little is known about the heterogeneity in trauma and health risk experiences among delinquent youth, especially across gender. The current study uses latent class analysis to examine typologies of self-reported exposure to trauma and health risks among a sample of 435 female and 1,198 male juvenile offenders. The study objectives were to identify any subgroups of justice-involved youths with varying patterns of trauma and health risk behaviors across gender, examine the size of these trauma-health risk subgroups, and examine socio-demographic differences in the trauma-health risk latent classes. Findings suggest the presence of three groups of trauma and health risk behaviors within the gender groups. For females, the three subgroups demonstrated linear trends in increasing prevalence of trauma and health risks. For males, the three subgroups reflected a generally low-risk group, a group with high rates of marijuana use and risky sexual behaviors, and a group with high rates of depression, family problems, sexual assault victimization, and bullying. The analyses for the covariates revealed racial differences in trauma and health risks. The findings suggest gendered intervention strategies should be considered for justice-involved youth.

Author(s) Details

Richard Dembo
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Julie M. Krupa
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Jennifer Wareham
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Jessica Wolff
Agency for Community Treatment Services, Inc., Tampa, Florida, USA.

Ralph J. DiClemente
New York University, New York, New York, USA.

James Schmeidler
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V12/article/view/3667