Seroprevalence of Cystic Hydatidosis in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goats) Naturally Exposed to the Infection in the North Midland Region (Misrata and Sirt) of Libya | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7

The aim of this serological work was to determine the occurrence of cystic hydatidosis in sheep and goats using ELISA together with antigen B derived from camel hydatid cyst fluid in the North Midland region of Libya including Misrata and Sirt districts. Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease which causes serious public health and veterinary problems as a result of infection in North African countries including Libya. The sensitivity and accuracy of any serological test used for the detection of anti-hydatid antibodies in serum samples are found to depend on the composition, concentration and stability of the antigen in use. Thirteen rural villages of two districts, namely Misrata and Sirt, are located in the north midland of the country. Misrata is almost an agricultural area and about 200km east of Tripoli and Sirt which is almost a pasture area and about 500km also east of Tripoli, were included in the current study. Incidence of cystic hydatidosis was investigated serologically using serum samples collected randomly from 2651 animals of three groups; lambs under two years old (240), adult sheep over two years old (2082) and adult goats over two years old (329). Antigen B of camel hydatid cyst fluid was used together with ELISA for the detection of the presence of total IgG antibodies against hydatid disease in the collected serum samples. 1377/2651 serum samples from all animal groups of both districts gave an overall ELISA seropositivity of 52%. The overall ELISA seropositivity for each group of animals was 55/240 (23%), 1235/2082 (59%) and 87/329 (26%) for lambs, adult sheep and goats respectively. In the Sirt district, the overall seropositivity was 648/1408 (46%) and among the villages, it was 25% from El-Gbeba and 63% from El-Arbaien, while in the Misrata district, the overall seropositivity was 729/1243 (59%) and among the villages, it was 43% from Saso and 78% from Tawergha. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the rate of seropositivity between lambs and goats (23% and 26%), but there was a significant difference between these two groups and adult sheep (59%), in comparison, however, there was no significant difference in general between the two district areas which was 59% in Misrata and 46% in Sirt. The slight differences in the total rate of seropositivity between both districts in general and between villages of each district could be due to sharing the same environmental conditions, grazing methods, and human behaviour as both districts bordering each other. Also, statistical analysis showed significant differences in the rate of seropositivity between lambs (23%) and adult sheep (68%), and in the case of goats, there was no significant difference between the age groups, 24% for goats 2-<4 yrs old and 29% for goats 7+yrs old.  Outlining control measures should include de-worming of shepherd dogs and elimination of stray dogs as well as public health education to ensure effective reduction of disease incidence in livestock.

Author (s) Details

Mohamed M. Rhagem
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zawia, P.O. Box 16418, Zawia, Libya.

 

Wafa M. Ibrahem
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zawia, P.O. Box 16418, Zawia, Libya.

 

Kawther M. Masoud
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, P.O. Box 16418, Zawia, Libya.

 

Badereddin, BA.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli-Libya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7/2157

 

Diagnosis and Management of Scrapie in Post Mortem Goats by Immunohistochemistry | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The main objective of this study was to contribute to the annual passive surveillance for this pathology, since the goats are a species considered reservoir for the prion. A class of pathologies known as Transmissible Spongiform Illnesses (TSEs), which affect both humans and animals, includes scrapie, a neurological disease with a slow and deadly course that affects sheep, goats, and mouflons. Given that Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the globally accepted technique for identifying classical scrapie in goats—a species thought to be a potential zoonotic disease reservoir. Chile in relation to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), is classified as a disease-free country. Scrapie is actively monitored for the sheep, but passively for the caprine species, which is why this study was carried out in slaughtered goats in the central north of the country (IV Region), to provide information to the surveillance system for this disease. Fifty brains of goats older than 2 years were used, regardless of race or gender. The obex was taken from each of them, two serial histological sections were obtained, one used for the staining of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H/E) (50 cuts), which allowed us to observe lesions and to evaluate the aptitude of the samples. The other one was used for immuno histo chemistry (IHC) (50 cuts), which allows to locate prions in situ, using a commercial kit and the technique described by Manning et al. [1]. For a correct diagnosis, 4 controls were used, 2 positive (1 ovine and 1 caprine) and 2 negative (1 ovine and 1 caprine), provided by an International Reference Center. Analysis of the 50 H/E histological sections indicated that all were eligible for the IHC technique, and non-specific lesions (38/50) were found, such as focal haemorrhage, perivascular infiltrate and pigments, all of which are not attributable to prions. Due to the absence of immunostaining, which is indicated by a red granular precipitate and was present in the positive controls, all homologous histological sections of the samples and the negative controls were categorized as negative to classic scrapie using the IHC technique. The results obtained in this work validate the application of the IHC technique at the level of obex, as a method of diagnosis of classic goat scrapie in the country.

Author(s) Details:

Gustavo Farias R.,
Department of Animal Pathology, University of Chile, Chile.

Estefania Frohlich,
Department of Animal Pathology, University of Chile, Chile.

Paola Sanhueza,
Department of Animal Pathology, University of Chile, Chile..

Paula Nunez,
Agricultural and Livestock Service, SAG, Chile.

Cecilia Jara,
Agricultural and Livestock Service, SAG, Chile.

Claudio Lecocq,
Agricultural and Livestock Service, SAG, Chile.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/14002

The Notable of Lablab Seed as a Feed Supplement for Goat Fed Roughages Diet | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

An experiment was conducted to examine nutrients intake and digestibility of low-quality roughages supplemented with Lablab purpureus seed fed to goat. Total of 25 goats were kept in an individual metabolism crate and fed 5 diets containing roughage ad libitum and supplements of Lablab purpureus (var. Highworth) seed or sweet lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius). The 5 diets offered were: TI=roughage alone, T2=roughage+0.3% LW Lablab seed, T3=roughage+0.6% LW Lablab seed, T4=roughage+1.2% LW Lablab seed, and T5=roughage+1.2% LW Lupin seed. Results of this experiment showed that roughage intake was not significantly difference (p>0.05) between 0.3% or 0.6% LW levels of Lablab of by 1.2% LW lupin supplementation, but was reduced (p<0.05) by 35% by 1.2% LW Lablab supplement. Organic matter (OM) digestibility was increased by all supplements, and digestible OM intake was increased by the 0.6% LW Lablab and 1.2% LW lupin supplements. LW gain and feed conversion ratio were not changed (p>0.05) by 0.3% or 0.6% LW Lablab or the 1.2% LW lupin, but were reduced (p<0.05) by the 1.2% LW Lablab supplement. It was concluded that goats could efficiently utilize supplements of Lablab purpureus seed fed at levels of up to 0.6% LW. However, when 1.2% LW of the Lablab seed was fed, poor performance suggested that the goats might be adversely affected by anti-nutritional factors content in the seed of Lablab.

Author(s) Details:

Ismartoyo,
Department of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V2/article/view/13041

The Promising Nutritive Value of Local Grasses Fed to Goat in South Sulawesi Indonesia | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 5

 The purpose concerning this research was to check the digestibility in vivo and in sacco of four selected feed possessions. Natural rangelands support and provide feed forlarge number of livestock. It plays a alive role innational frugality through provision of animal productsfor local use and exports. In vivo experiment was conducted to consider apparent feed digestibility of the 4 grasses intentional namely tusker grass, mini pachyderm grass, Panicum maximum lawn, and BD grass. According to the results of close analysis, pachyderm grass has a bigger protein content than the other 3 types of lawn. Panicum maxima grass has the least amount of protein. The four grasses had corresponding amounts of organic matter, rude fiber, fat, and non-protein nitrogen extract. The results of experiment in vivo registered that the dry matter feed intake of the feed stuffs was grazing from 1.07kg/head/day for tiny elephant lawn and 1.42kg/head/day for elephant lawn. The average of fecal per person per day was 0.33kg. Analysis of in vivo feed digestibility proved that elephant lawn was 70%, mini large mammal grass was 60%, Panicum maximum lawn was 69%, and Brachiaria decumbens grass was 71%. The statistical reasoning of the feed digestibility indicated that the was no some significantly dissimilarities (p>0.05) between bureaucracy. The dry matter (DM) digestibility of elephant lawn tended expected higher than that of mini large mammal grass, Panicum maximum lawn, and BD grass. This maybe due to correspondence in the content of nutrient in those of 4 grasses. According to the results of an experiment attended in sacco, elephant lawn had a higher washing loss or dissolved fraction (a) than Panicum maximum grass, BD lawn, and small mastodon grass. BD lawn has a larger mysterious yet fermentable proportion (b) than additional grasses. Mini elephant lawn had a higher rate of ruminant food degradation (c) than pachyderm grass, Panicum maximum lawn, and BD grass.   It is clear that extreme content of soluble fraction in the feed intentional does not always understood by high rate of feed degradability, potential degradability, and the peak degradability. It is submitted that by conducting experiment in sacco developed in more comprehensive facts regarding of by means of what the grasses have been degraded and simmered in the rumen of buck.

Author(s) Details:

Ismartoyo,
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

Islamiyati,
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

Muh. Rusdy,
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V5/article/view/11749

Physicochemical Properties of Goat Meat Fed Hay, Sorghum Bagasse and Standard Diets | Chapter 8 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 3

 The aim concerning this study was thus to judge the instrumental meat characteristic and chemical arrangement including oily acid profile of meat from goats augment concentrate, dried grass and agricultural by-product located diets. The study was carried out in Virginia State University narrow ruminant research convenience at Randolph Farm. The protocol for the experiment was approved apiece Virginia State University Animal Care and Use Committee. Sixteen Myotonic (Tennessee Stiff Leg) male goats with crowd weight (BW) of 21.6±3.0 kg was detached into three groups and subjected to one of three able to be consumed treatments for 76 days. At the end of the augmenting trial, samples were taken from the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle and resolved to evaluate core quality. water binding/equity values and chemical arrangement from raw and browned meat are not the unchanging. The values from raw gist helps to predict the administration situation of animal till slaughtering whereas principles obtained from braised meat are used to obtain a palatable and safe amount. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in primary pH (pH0) measured at 45 brief time period post-harvest and ultimate pH (pHu) measured at 72 h postmortem. HAY and SOB diets acted not affect (P > 0.05) water binding ability (WBC), instrumental gist color (L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C* (Chroma), and H* (Hue Angle), and gentleness, as measured by Warner-Bratzler cut force (WBSF). Chemical composition and fatty acid characterization were also unmoved by the situations (P > 0.05).  The inclusion of hay and sweet liquid bagasse reduced the cost of the diets while bearing no apparent negative belongings on the animals. Similar to the previous study, the oily acid profile in this place one was not negatively jolted by diets, so the meat is immediately regarded as reduced-fat red meat accompanying a healthy oily acid profile. The risk of expanding heart disease may be reduced by meat accompanying low cholesterol and saturated fat.

Author(s) Details:

Adnan B. Yousuf,
Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia, USA.

Yixiang Xu,
Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center USDA-ARS, California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V3/article/view/9749

Production and Commercialization of Goat Meat in a Silvopastoral Region of the Mixteca Poblana, Mexico: A Market Based Scenario| Chapter 3 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 8

 The Aim of the Work was: to know the production and commercialization of goat meat in a silvopastoral region of the Mixteca Poblana in Mexico. The basis for any expansion must be goat production systems that are biologically and economically sustainable, meeting both producer and consumer needs. Meat goats historically have been kept for brush control. Their use to control noxious plants and in vegetation management will continue to be their primary role in the future.

The study was carried out in the communities of Maninalcingo and Tehuaxtla belonging to the municipality of Piaxtla, south of the capital of the state of Puebla, Mexico. A total of 15 Goats Family Production Units (UPF) were considered in the study, 2 markets and 12 points of sale where goat meat was sold; A structured survey with 75 questions under 4 productive indicators was applied. By using the in situ investigation method, the first focused on general information on the goat UPF, the second on aspects of goat identification and census, the third on market information and the commercialization of goat meat, and the fourth on production costs, prices per kilogramme of meat and dish, and preference percentages for goat meat consumed in the Mixteca region. Finally, using the Windows version of SPSS 14.0, apply descriptive statistics. 60% of the producers are located in a small property regime, with populations of 30 to 110 goats/silvopastoral production unit. 13% of the UPFs sell their goats to the local and regional market for USD 30.15, 60% sell for USD 40.20, 7% for USD 42.71 and 20% sell for USD 45.22. The cost of production/animal was USD 6.08 and its profit was USD 34.14. The 100% preference was for white barbecue, at a cost of USD 10.05/kg. Production costs maintain substantial ranges regarding the completion of goats for meat; the silvopastoral system is a fundamental resource that gives it a platform to support its feeding at low costs in the productive system of the region. It is possible to produce goat meat at a low cost and sell it in the future as an ecological product of origin by raising it in silvopastoral conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Jorge Ezequiel Hernández Hernández,
Consolidated Academic Body of Animal Production of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Fernando Utrera Quintana,
Consolidated Academic Body of Animal Production of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Julio Cesar Camacho Ronquillo,
Consolidated Academic Body of Animal Production of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Miguel Ángel Zambrano Gonzalez,
Research Professors of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Erick Cecilio Fernández Meneses,
Research Professors of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Jacqueline Baltazar Perez,
Research Professors of the FMVZ-BUAP, Mexico.

Martha H. Martín Rivera,
University of Sonora (UNISON), Mexico.

Fernando Arturo Ibarra Flores,
University of Sonora (UNISON), Mexico.

Salomón Moreno Medina,
University of Sonora (UNISON), Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V8/article/view/9189