Clinicopathological Correlations of E-Cadherin, Vimentin, and EGFR in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Chapter 14 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

Aims: The present study aimed to determine the clinicopathological features in suspected oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.2-To study the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (E-Cadherin and Vimentin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. 3-To correlate the expression of E-Cadherin and Vimentin with the expression of EGFR.

Study Design: This is a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Pathology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh, between August 2020 to July 2022.

Methodology: The study was conducted on 252 samples out of which IHC of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and EGFR was applied on 75 representative samples. All the demographic details were noted and H and E were applied to all samples. All the cases were classified into well, moderate, and poorly differentiated OSCC. Later on, after applying IHC on representative samples correlation was done between the expression of three IHC markers results.

Results: Out of 252 cases a maximum number of cases i.e., 125 (49.60%) were moderately differentiated followed by 109 (43.25%) well-differentiated and the least number i.e.,18 (7.14%) were poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mean age of patients in different grades of OSCC was 49 years with a significant p value of <0.01. males clearly outnumbered females. 83.33% (210 cases) were found in males while 16.67% (42 cases) were found in females. Buccal mucosa was found to be the most common site of involvement by OSCC with 45.24% (114) cases. The majority of cases had multiple risk factors involved. The most frequent association was with tobacco/betel quid, which was seen in 35.71% (90) cases.

As the tumour progressed towards poor differentiation, there was a decrease in the mean IHC score of E-cadherin from 10.37 to 2.13, which was found statistically significant (p<0.001) while the mean IHC score of Vimentin increased from 2.60 to 9.20 implying the inverse correlation of both and proving epithelial-mesenchymal transition.  with a decrease in differentiation from well to poor mean IHC score of EGFR increases from 1.90 to 10.60, which was found statistically significant (p<0.001). E-cadherin was found to be inversely proportional to EGFR with significant results (r = -0.829, p< 0.01). Vimentin was found to be directly proportional to EGFR with significant results (r = 0.760, p< 0.01).

Conclusion: With regard to the histologic grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma, loss of E-cadherin expression and overexpression of Vimentin and EGFR are prognostic indicators, indicating that the expression of these molecules changes as the tumour progresses to a reduced differentiation. Immunoreactivity of E-cadherin, Vimentin, and EGFR can be utilized to assess the prognosis, metastatic behaviour, survival, and management of patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Syeda Iqra Usman
Department of Pathology, AMU, Aligarh, India.

 

Veena Maheshwari
Department of Pathology, AMU, Aligarh, India.

 

Nishat Afroz
Department of Pathology, AMU, Aligarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v8/2018

Cellular Plasticity in Cancer: Adaptive Mechanisms Driving Progression and Evasion | Chapter 2 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cells to adapt their characteristics, including phenotype and function, in response to environmental changes. This ability is vital for normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and immune responses. However, cellular plasticity plays a pathologically significant role in cancer, where it complicates treatment efforts and contributes to disease progression.

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the role of cellular plasticity in cancer progression, with a particular focus on the plasticity of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its impact on therapeutic strategies.

Methods: The study synthesizes current research on the mechanisms of cellular plasticity in cancer, including the genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that lead to disrupted cellular functions. Special attention is given to the challenges posed by the plastic nature of EMT in developing effective cancer therapies.

Results: Cancer progression involves a multistep process characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. These changes drive cellular plasticity, facilitating the adaptation of cancer cells to diverse environments and contributing to therapy resistance. Traditional cancer treatments often target specific states associated with epithelial or mesenchymal phenotypes, but the dynamic plasticity of cancer cells undermines the effectiveness of such approaches.

Conclusion: The plasticity of cancer cells, particularly through EMT, presents significant obstacles to conventional cancer therapies. Continued research is essential to develop innovative treatment strategies that account for cellular plasticity, with the ultimate goal of improving survival rates and the quality of life for cancer patients.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Aggarwal Roopak
Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Singh Natasha
Department of Pathology, Kalyan Singh Government Medical College, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India.

 

Mishra Jyoti
Department of Pathology, Kalyan Singh Government Medical College, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India.

 

Pandey Pinki
Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Joshi Himanshu
Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Kannaujia Sanjay
Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v8/3479