Agrosense: IOT-Based Smart Vegetable Gardening System|Chapter 6 | Intelligent IoT Systems: From Research to Real-World Solutions

 

Greenhouse farming needs precise monitoring to guarantee healthy plant growth, while conventional methods are cumbersome, inexact, and not amenable to steady-state operation. This study outlines an Internet of Things (IoT)-based vegetable garden monitoring system that automatically controls irrigation, climate, and plant disease in a greenhouse. The system incorporates an LDR light sensor, ESP32-CAM, soil moisture sensor, and DHT11 temperature-humidity sensor controlled by an ESP8266. A motor pump is activated when the soil moisture is less than the threshold value; temperature and humidity are controlled by a fan, while light is provided through an LED when light intensity is low. At specified time epochs, the ESP32-CAM shoots plant pictures that are analysed through a Python-based deep learning algorithm to determine five plant health classes: yellow leaves, curled leaves, leaf spot, white fly infestation, and healthy. A web page presents sensor readout in real time as well as disease classification outcome. Experimental validation indicates classification accuracy of 94.6 %, ±2°C accuracy in temperature regulation, ±5% in humidity control, and 92% accuracy in irrigation. Against previous works that employed IoT to automate greenhouse farming, this solution is not only superior in control accuracy but also incorporates automatic disease diagnosis. Despite limitations due to internet reliability as well as dataset size, the solution provides insights into how IoT, as well as AI, can minimize manual intervention, facilitate early detection, as well as, promote sustainable farming.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Hanamant R Jakaraddi
Department of MCA, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560107, India.

 

Hridhik Hareendran
Department of MCA, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560107, India.

 

Sridevi G
Department of Computer Applications, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bangalore-560107, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-88417-94-5/CH6

Evaluation of Sediment Quality Based on the Concentration of Heavy Metals Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in Jakarta Bay Using the Index Analysis Approach | Chapter 1 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 6

This study examines the distribution and contamination levels of heavy metals, including mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni), in sediment samples from Jakarta Bay. Five stations were analyzed at increasing distances from the coastline (0.5 to 20 km) to assess spatial variation. The results revealed significant contamination at Stations M (0.5 km) and D (5 km), where Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn showed the highest concentrations, linked to industrial emissions and anthropogenic activities. Cadmium and nickel displayed moderate contamination levels, with more uniform distribution due to natural and industrial contributions. Contamination was quantified using the Contamination Factor (CF), Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Stations M and D were classified as "moderately to heavily polluted," while Stations B (15 km) and A (20 km) exhibited lower contamination due to dilution and reduced anthropogenic input. Zinc showed the highest concentration among all metals, with a peak value of 441.91 µg.g⁻¹ at Station M. The study highlights the need for targeted remediation, stricter waste management regulations, and continuous monitoring to mitigate environmental and ecological risks. These findings provide a framework for sustainable sediment management and pollution control in Jakarta Bay.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Edward
Research Center for Oceanography-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia.

 

T Triandiza
Research Center for Oceanography-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia.

 

Abd Wahab Rajab
Research Center for Deep Sea-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia.

 

Safar Dody
Research Center for Oceanography-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia.

 

MJ Rugebregt
Research Center for Deep Sea-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia, School of Environmental Science, University of Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya, Jakarta-10440, Indonesia and Center of Research Collaboration Eastern Indonesia Waters Ecosystem, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka-Ambon-97233, Indonesia.

 

Agus Kusnadi
Research Center for Oceanography-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia.

 

RDA Opier
Research Center for Deep Sea-BRIN, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta-14330, Indonesia and Center of Research Collaboration Eastern Indonesia Waters Ecosystem, Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena, Poka-Ambon-97233, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v6/2912

Environmental Monitoring Odds by Carbon Nanotubes: A Sustainable Approach | Chapter 4 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 9

 There have existed and continue to teem initiatives worldwide to forge and establish pliable adaptive plans for environmental monitoring at differing levels. After the Conference for Environment in Stockholm 1972 and the first report to the Club of Rome „Limits of the Growth“, which was published that unchanging year, it was completely realized that mechanics advancement can have unintended results. As a result of the current situation being recognized, discussions about potential remedies have started on a global scale. The Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development delimits the notion of sustainable incident as a viable judgment after thorough deliberations on both the scientific and sociopolitical levels.  Following this, many initiatives have stressed the need to address the evolution of mechanics, economic, environmental, and friendly systems by allowing for possibility physical, synthetic, biological, financial, and social processes.  Registered advancements in the mechanics and physics fields, which symbolize the foundation for betterings and advancements in nanotechnology, have highlighted the life of its diversified using advantage also in tangible field. Particularly, it appears that the use of carbon nanotubes, or CNTs, for preservation of natural resources has advanced the subject. Designing referring to practices or policies that do not negatively affect the environment sensors with CNTs is a beginning toward carrying out effective preservation of natural resources for environmental protection. CNT-located sensor is of great interest on account of its littleness, simplicity, low cost, on-ground determination, extreme sensitivity, extreme selectivity, and fast response occasion.

Author(s) Details:

Marwan S. Mousa,
Department of Physics, Mu’tah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.

Ildiko Tulbure,
University “1 Decembrie 1918” din Alba Iulia, Romania and Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Doctoral School “Materials and Environmental Engineering”, Romania and Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.

Saleh Fawaeer,
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V9/article/view/12620

Advances in High Energy Physics: Panacea to Multifaceted Environmental, Foreign Medical Tourism and National Security Problems in Nigeria | Chapter 07 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The unfavourable state of our environment, which is polluted with black soot and other pollutants, particularly in the Niger Delta; the ruling class's massive expenditure on foreign medical tourism; and the rate of killings and kidnappings by terrorist groups such as Boko Haram, the Islamic State's West Africa Province (ISWAP), the Herdsmen, and ravaging bandits in the Northern parts; and the destructive activities of the indigenous people of Biafra (IPOB For years, successive governments have made several coordinated attempts and initiatives to find answers to these threats, but none has provided a long-term outcome. This paper shows how breakthroughs in High Energy Physics (HEP) can provide long-term answers to the challenges that are threatening our existence in diversity. The study's goals were based on the standard model, the basic constituents of matter and radiations, and their interacting forces, as well as the benefits of High Energy Physics (HEP) in developed countries as a model for transforming Nigeria into a productive, developed, and politically stable country. It was discovered that the thirst for knowledge is a deep human inclination, and that understanding of the cosmos at its most fundamental level is one of our most basic requirements for survival. More importantly, developments in HEP are already helping to make the world a safer place as a key and core issue.

Author(S) Details

Orudukobipi Asime
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Chioma Don Lawson
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rivers State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V5/article/view/6868

Miniature and Micro Mass Spectrometry for Nanoscale Sensing Applications: An Overview| Chapter 12 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 14

 In recent years, it has been possible to use small and/or microscale versions of more conventional mass spectrometers. As a result, small analytical instruments for 'in the field' sensing applications in aerospace, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and process control have been created. This chapter examines the concepts that guide the creation of small quadrupole mass spectrometers. Two alternative microfabrication technologies are compared to a traditional QMS for residual gas analysis in the range of 1-100 Da. Two fabrication methods for small QMS realisation are described, as well as the fundamental concepts of QMS operation.

Author (S) Details

S. Taylor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, England, UK.

Dr. N. France
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, England, UK.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V14/article/view/3167