Study on Social-sine Cosine Algorithm-based Cross Layer Resource Allocation in Wireless Network | Chapter 6 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 1

Cross-layer resource allocation in wireless networks has historically been addressed using communication networks or information theory. A major difficulty in networking is the distribution of limited resources across network users. The resource is allotted at the Medium Access Control (MAC) level in a typical multilayer network, and the network layers use bit pipes to deliver data at a set pace with some random errors. As a result, this research demonstrates how to use the recommended Social-Sine cosine algorithm to allocate cross-layer resources in a wireless network (SSCA). The fundamental purpose of this study topic is to allocate resources between layers using the Social Sine Cosine Algorithm (SSCA). For Cross layer optimization, the MAC and physical layers provide Queue State Information (QSI) and Channel State Interference (CSI), respectively. The cross-layer optimization entity makes the resource allocation choice in order to maximise the network's sum rate. By changing the channel conditions, the Cross layer entity for optimization adapts the judgement based on new input data.

The recommended SSCA is built by combining the Social Ski Driver (SSD) and the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SSA). In addition, the suggested SSCA analyses max-min, hard-fairness, proportional fairness, mixed-bias, and maximum throughput fitness based on energy and fairness for further improving the resource allocation approach. To minimise the network's sum rate, the cross-layer optimization entity decides on resource distribution based on energy and fairness. Energy, throughput, and fairness are used to evaluate the proposed model's resource allocation performance. The created model achieves a maximum energy of 258213, a maximum throughput of 3.703, and a maximum fairness of 0.868.

 

Author (S) Details

T. Praveena
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

G. S. Nagaraja
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

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Fundamental Fields Included into Geometry in Sixteen Space-time Dimensions | Chapter 5 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 An alternative to the Kaluza-Klein eld uni cation is provided in the components of the metric tensor in sixteen space-time dimensions, including bosons and fermions. We connect each fundamental interaction and matter eld (vector potential) with a 16-dimensional space-time manifold's own metric tensor vector. For the fundamental interactions and the spinors, field equations involving Einstein, Maxwell and Yang-Mills equations occur. Field con nement is acquired by a suitable gauge option in the extra space dimensions within the measurable 4-dimensional space-time. The scalar gauge eld(s) which can be interpreted as a Higgs boson provides non-vanishing rest masses of the involved particles (s). A cosmological approach is also investigated leading to space-time about flatness. Dark matter and dark energy seem to be concealed in the elements of the extra dimensional eld and the cosmological constant. Also attempted are conjectures for quantization of the gravitational eld.

Author(s) Details

Alberto Strumia
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica \F. Severi" ( I.N.D.A.M.), Italy.

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A Treatise on Solar Energy Acoustics | Bookpi International

This monograph provides an outline of solar energy acoustics supporting the principle of source and sink of solar energy. A study on solar energy acoustics and noise characterization in solar photovoltaic devices with ventilation is conducted. A building integrated parallel plate solar photovoltaic (PV) device was built with a pair of PV modules, a ventilated air cavity and an insulating back panel of plywood board filled with polystyrene installed in an outdoor test-room. Photovoltaic amplification was attained with power output from a potentiometer through rotation of its circular knob. A parallel plate PV device was studied for its electrical parameters as Resistance-Capacitance (RC) electrical analog circuit. The effect of inductive and capacitive heating losses was considered in evaluating electrical characteristics of a PV device exposed to solar radiation. The characterization of noise interference, due to power difference of two intensities in a wave on a PV Device is presented. Noise characterization of a wave is obtained depending on type of wave. The difference of two power intensities is due to transmission of light, sound, heat, electricity, fluid, and fire into a parallel plate PV device. Based on analysis of a solar PV device, a definition with measurement expression and unit for an electrical noise were coined. Standard definitions of noise sources, their measurement equations, their units and their origins under limiting reference conditions were also devised. A review for sensing noise of physical agents (sun, light, sound, heat, fluid, electricity and fire) is also conducted. With integrated environmental control, these environmental parameters are to be characterized through various environmental monitoring sensors. The monograph has also briefly mentioned contents of the proposed graduate teaching course by the author on “Solar Energy Acoustics”.

Author(s) Details

Himanshu Dehra
Monarchy of Concordia, # 596, Sector 16-A, Faridabad, Haryana-121002, India.

View  Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/194