Rare Case of Meningoencephalitis by Listeria monocytogenes in a Young ImmunocomRare Case of Meningoencephalitis by Listeria monocytogenes in a Young Immunocompetent Adult | Chapter 8 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 6petent Adult | Chapter 8 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 6

The aim of this paper is to consider L. monocytogenes as a possible atypical etiological agent of meningoencephalitis in patients without immunocompromise. Meningoencephalitis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) mainly affects newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised people; there are extremely rare cases in which said infection occurs in immunocompetent individuals. The case of a young adult immunocompetent patient, with no known risk factors, who developed encephalitis, has been presented. The patient was treated with empirical antibiotic therapy, to which there was no response. Days later, a culture of the cerebrospinal fluid led to the diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes infection. However, the patient died due to brain herniation. This case is exceptional, since it occurred in an individual outside the classic age group, in addition to not having risk factors, which is why it should be considered an atypical causal agent. Regimens without gentamicin may be preferable for patients who have impaired renal function or are taking other nephrotoxic drugs, such as cyclosporine.

 

Author (s) Details

Janette Alejandra Gamiño Gutierrez
Departamento de Neurocirugia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, México.

Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Valdez
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

 

Arleth Anahí Montaño Gómez
Departamento de Neurocirugia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, México.

Jorge Morales Rojas
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

Graciela Gaddy Robles Martinez
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

 

Anahi Herrera Ruelas
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México

 

Alin Kaori Ferreyra Gudiño
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

 

Jocelin Celeste Jurado Cardona
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

Jimena Jexabeth Ibáñez Núñez
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

 

Anahí Fierros Ramos
Departamento de Medicina Interna, ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP, Tepic, México.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v6/2359

Emerging Threat of Nipah Virus: From Bat Reservoirs to Human Health Impacts | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 7

Factors like modern medical practices, globalisation, accelerating urbanization and environmental factors have led to the emergence of various new infectious diseases including zoonotic diseases—those that pass from animals to humans. Expansion of these newly emerged infectious diseases having high mortality rates, is the current threat faced by the global community. The Nipah virus, a recently identified zoonotic pathogen transmitted by flying foxes, has been implicated in intermittent outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory syndrome, characterized by substantial mortality rates. Since its initial detection during the 1998 Malaysian outbreak, this uncommon neuroinvasive viral infection has continued to manifest in diverse global regions. Despite the potential risk of infection affecting approximately one-quarter of the world's population due to the extensive distribution of natural reservoirs, neither approved targeted therapies nor vaccines are currently available, notwithstanding ongoing scientific investigations. Consequently, a thorough examination of this emerging infectious disease is imperative. This review article examines the present landscape of Nipah virus infection and underscores its capacity to evolve into a global health concern. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive analysis of viral transmission dynamics, clinical presentation, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic strategies, with particular attention given to preventive measures and infection control protocols.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nazneen Sultana
Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Seema Devi
Department of Radiation Oncology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India.

 

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v7/3412

Acute Psychosis Triggered by Ovarian Teratoma: The Underdiagnosed yet Treatable Case of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a newly discovered autoimmune condition characterised by prominent psychiatric symptoms. Acute behavioural changes, hallucinations, catatonic symptoms, memory deficits, epilepsy, dyskinesias, and autonomic dysfunction are common symptoms. An ovarian teratoma is often found in female patients. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman who was diagnosed with acute psychosis. She experienced generalised seizures and declined into a catatonic condition shortly after admission. Although ancillary tests such as an MRI, an electroencephalogram, and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination came back negative, the presence of acute psychosis, repeated seizures, and a persistent course indicated autoimmune encephalitis. An ovarian tumour was discovered during a pelvic ultrasound, prompting an immediate cystectomy with pathological evidence of a mature cystic ovarian teratoma. After that, plasmapheresis was started, which resulted in a partial response over the next two weeks. After high titers of anti-NMDAR antibodies were discovered in the CSF, the patient was given rituximab as a second-line immunosuppressive therapy. After six months of cognitive therapy, there was a significant change, though mild anterograde memory deficits persisted. The inclusion of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of acute psychosis is highlighted in this article. It's important to include this condition in the differential diagnosis because early immunotherapy and tumour removal, if necessary, may have a big impact on the outcome.

Author (s) Details

Shikma Keller
Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Pablo Roitman
Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Tamir Ben-Hur
Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Tzahi Neuman
Brain Division and Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Omer Bonne
Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Amit Lota
Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V6/article/view/633