Assessing the Effect of Top Cover Material on Productivity of the Solar Distillation Unit | Chapter 3 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 4

The provision of safe drinking water for all remains a global challenge in spite of astounding developments in science and technology. In the coastal region of Bangladesh, brackish or saline water prevails everywhere and people are always in search of safe drinking water. This work was taken up to design a cost-effective and simple domestic-scale solar water distillation device for use in the coastal villages of Bangladesh where saline-free drinking water is scarce. This study mainly looked at the feasibility of using stretched transparent PVC cover in solar distillation devices in lieu of traditionally used transparent glass sheets. In the present work, two solar-powered small-sized desalination units or ‘solar stills’ were designed and fabricated using locally available low-cost materials. In designing these solar desalination units, the main considerations were the availability of materials, cost, efficiency, ease of construction and ease of maintenance. To increase the total evaporative surface area of the bottom of stills, those were covered with black cotton fabrics with extended fibres. For the same angle of inclination (130) of the transparent cover, the average amount of distilled water produced by the transparent PVC sheet-covered still was about 42% of that collected from a glass sheet-covered still. The reason behind this poor performance could be traced to the increased surface adhesion of condensed water droplets with the PVC cover, which essentially scattered sunrays away from the solar still. So the way to go is to find a suitable plastic sheet material that has reduced surface adhesion to water or to find a coating material that can reduce surface adhesion too. Unless this can be done, traditional glass-covered solar distillation device still remains the cover material of choice. It is concluded that solar distillation could provide a practical solution to the drinking water needs of the people living in the coastal areas of Bangladesh and other low-resource countries where nothing but brackish or saline water is available during most of the year.

 

Author (s) Details

Most. Hosney Ara Begum
Pilot Plant and Process Development Center & BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

M. Abu Yousuf
Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

K Siddique-e Rabbani
Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v4/2272

Water Treatment by Using Situ Pressure in Reverse Osmosis: Strategies and Implications | Chapter 3 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 Desalination is individual of the primary orders used nowadays in many places to get water. Reverse osmosis is ultimate advanced technique for water dribbling. Desalination is necessary in dry countries and in cases place good-quality water is required for industrialized purposes and fresh water is not free. Power pumping is used in this place system to introduce water into semi-membranes, where the pungent water is then distant from the solution. The aim of this study was to determine guidelines for utilizing the pressure generated in situ of gathering water instead of a capacity pump, that creates the pressure required for reverse absorption. These recommendations have existed split into two primary groups: Utilizing the natural pressure that is to say formed, or, by preference, the forces that are brought about by structures built for water harvesting.

Author(s) Details:

Susan Norouzi,
Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Science Education, Farhangian University, Esfahan, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9642

Impact of Coconut Husks on the Productivity of Conventional Solar Still: A Heat Transfer Study | Chapter 1 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The influence of coconut husk (also known as cocopeat) on the overall performance of traditional solar stills has been investigated experimentally and conceptually in this study paper (CSS). The heat transfer model established by Dunkle was utilised to theoretically examine the performance of the still. Partial pressure, internal heat transfer coefficients, yield, internal efficiency, and exergy efficiency are all important characteristics to consider. The average partial pressure of the distiller unit has increased by 94.19 percent in the presence of coconut husk. After 13 hours of testing, the updated still showed a 9.63 percent and 2.53 percent increase in the value of and when compared to CSS, respectively. Furthermore, compared to CSS, there was a 30.89 percent increase in the distillate due to increased capillary action due to the inclusion of coconut husk. Furthermore, as compared to CSS, the exergy efficiency of solar still supplemented with coconut husk has improved by 28.14 percent.

Author(s) Details:

Pankaj Dumka,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Rishabh Rathor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Saksham Sharma,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Kirti Katiyar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Harshit Gautam,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Chinmay Gunawat,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Dhananjay R. Mishra,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna - 473226, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-4/article/view/7112

Marine Zooplankton from Bashayer Marine Terminal and Abo Hashish along the Sudanese Red Sea Coast | Chapter 1 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 2

 The maximum number of zooplankton groups reported from the Red Sea Coast of Sudan was 20 from the marine terminal of Bashayer. Farranula, Medusae and Sagitta were the first zooplankton groups reported in Bashayer in 2016. As they were reported in 2018, they managed to develop them. The small number of plankton groups in three randomly investigated oil tankers contained in ballast water 5, 10 and 15 Cell/L is possibly due to mechanical destruction and/or biological destructive factors during the voyage. Multiple tests of regression showed statistically significant differences in mean (p<0.05) In the Tires Plant and Sea Land areas, zooplankton count and negligible variations in fish (p>0.05)  Market, open sea, port entry and Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty areas. Station at Sea  Land showed statistically significant differences in salinity (p<0.05), while the majority of the stations showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05).  Salinity of 40' exhibited. Therefore, zooplankton populations will serve as bio-indicators of different human beings.  Input into the marine ecosystem and environmental inputs.

Author (s) Details

Amjad G. Ahmed
Department of Biological Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Red Sea University, Sudan.

Mohamed H. M. Ali
Department of Biological Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Red Sea University, Sudan.

Osama, S. Saad
Department of Biological Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Red Sea University, Sudan.


Zuheir N. Mahmoud
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.


Dirar H. Nasr
Department of Biological Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Red Sea University, Sudan.

Sheikheldin, M. Elamin
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Red Sea University, Sudan.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/288

Reverse-Osmosis Desalination of Water Powered by Photo-Voltaic Modules: Recent Study | Chapter 2 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol.3

 The rising of the world’s population leads automatically to the rising of water demand. As a

consequence the lack of drinking water increases. Currently, approximately 1.2 billion people globally
(one-sixth of the world’s population) do not have access to adequate clean water. Since a large part of
the world’s population is concentrated in coastal areas, the desalination of seawater seems to be a
promising solution, especially in our Arab world. An innovative stand-alone solar desalination system
could be used to produce drinking water from seawater or any brackish water sources. The great
advantage of such a system is that it combines efficient desalination technology, reverse osmosis,
with a renewable energy source, the main goal is improving the technical feasibility of such systems,
There are many advantages of this coupling with RE resources ; first of all we separate the drinking
water from the electricity grid and its faults, save the burning fossil fuel and its emissions and can
provide fresh water to remote communities that do not have sufficient traditional energy sources; But
as we see in the thesis we don’t have economic benefit; because these project depend on the
electricity cost in each country and its location and its solar specifications.
We design and implement a small laboratorial model for PV-RO (Photo-Voltaic Powered Reverse
Osmosis) to recognize the its performance for seawater and brackish water, many of the problems are
interrupted such as embargo on Syria; so we see this project has to be done according to affordable
local potentialities, but we crave to keep the principle of operation, So we make it for the tap water
which close to brackish.

Author(s) Details

Ammar Alkhatib
National Laser Sensor, Bavaria, Ismaning, Germany.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/231