Cyanobacteria: Harnessing Nature's Versatile Allies in Pharmaceuticals, Food, and Agriculture | Chapter 11 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are considered the most primitive photosynthetic prokaryotes which appeared on this planet during the Precambrian period. The application of cyanobacteria showed immense potential in wastewater and industrial effluent treatment, bioremediation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats,  chemical industries,  biofertilizers, food, feed, and fuel, etc. Spanish local fishermen collected blue-green masses from the lakes that were prepared as a dry cake, known as ‘tecuitlatl’. Spirulina, chlorella and Noctoc cyanobacterial species are being used as food supplements which are full of nutrients such as protein, and vitamins, and also have medicinal values like antiviral, antibacterial, anti-cancerous ECT. Besides, several Cyanobacterial species are also being used as biofertilizers in agriculture, and also for chelating toxic heavy metal ions for removing them from soil which is commonly known as bioremediation of soil pollutants. In viewing the “one platform” solution, nature has provided for all the environmental and medical problems in Cyanobacteria, there is a need to practically implement the use of cyanobacteria in the lives of common man. This chapter not only shades lite on the nutritional but also medicinal values of different species of cyanobacteria but also briefly discussed the new discovery of Exo-polysaccharides (metabolites) of cyanobacteria which are considered as one of the important group of biopolymers having significant ecological, industrial and biotechnological importance. Due to their structural complexity, versatility and valuable biological properties, they are now emerging as high-value compounds. However,  poor understanding of their complex structural properties, and lack of concrete information regarding the genes encoding the proteins involved in the EPS biosynthetic pathways, their process of production and the associated factors controlling their structural stability, strongly limit their commercialization and applications in the various fields of biotechnology.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shagufta. A. Shaikh

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

Kauser Siddiqui

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

Munazza Sohail

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/20041D

Cyanobacteria: Harnessing Nature's Versatile Allies in Pharmaceuticals, Food, and Agriculture |Chapter 11 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are considered the most primitive photosynthetic prokaryotes which appeared on this planet during the Precambrian period. The application of cyanobacteria showed immense potential in wastewater and industrial effluent treatment, bioremediation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats,  chemical industries,  biofertilizers, food, feed, and fuel, etc. Spanish local fishermen collected blue-green masses from the lakes that were prepared as a dry cake, known as ‘tecuitlatl’. Spirulina, chlorella and Noctoc cyanobacterial species are being used as food supplements which are full of nutrients such as protein, and vitamins, and also have medicinal values like antiviral, antibacterial, anti-cancerous ECT. Besides, several Cyanobacterial species are also being used as biofertilizers in agriculture, and also for chelating toxic heavy metal ions for removing them from soil which is commonly known as bioremediation of soil pollutants. In viewing the “one platform” solution, nature has provided for all the environmental and medical problems in Cyanobacteria, there is a need to practically implement the use of cyanobacteria in the lives of common man. This chapter not only shades lite on the nutritional but also medicinal values of different species of cyanobacteria but also briefly discussed the new discovery of Exo-polysaccharides (metabolites) of cyanobacteria which are considered as one of the important group of biopolymers having significant ecological, industrial and biotechnological importance. Due to their structural complexity, versatility and valuable biological properties, they are now emerging as high-value compounds. However,  poor understanding of their complex structural properties, and lack of concrete information regarding the genes encoding the proteins involved in the EPS biosynthetic pathways, their process of production and the associated factors controlling their structural stability, strongly limit their commercialization and applications in the various fields of biotechnology.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Shagufta. A. Shaikh

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

Kauser Siddiqui

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

Munazza Sohail

PCSIR Labs, Karachi, Pakistan.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/20041D

Comparison of the Effects of Utilizing Single and Mixed Freshwater Cyanobacterial Isolates for Landfill Leachate Treatment | Chapter 2 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Comparison of the Effects of Utilizing Single and Mixed Freshwater Cyanobacterial Isolates for Landfill Leachate Treatment | Chapter 2 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Landfill leachate is the liquid produced from the percolation of rainwater through the decomposed solid waste and the existing water in the waste itself in a landfill. The increasing volume of waste disposal and improper management of landfills have been contributing to the heavily polluted leachate. This study was focused on the investigation of the level of selected parameters in the leachate from Jeram Sanitary Landfill, Selangor, and compared the changes of leachate content before and after treatment by single and mixed cyanobacterial isolates so that the discharge standards can be met. There were two cyanobacterial species used in this study. All the data recorded were analyzed for any significant differences between treatments which are the leachate treatment using single and mixed cultures of cyanobacteria with one-way ANOVA using a statistical software known as Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS). Local freshwater cyanobacteria were identified based on the polyphasic approach combining morphological and molecular identification using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing method. The local cyanobacteria isolate (A1) was identified as the genus Cyanobacterium of the order Chroococcales. The A1 isolate together with identified cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. was used to observe their effectiveness in remediating leachate pollution either as monoculture or in mixed culture. Before the phycoremediation, the characterization of leachate had been carried out. The biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH value, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N), nitrite (NO^-₂) and nitrate (NO^-₃) of the raw leachate determined were 22.37mg/L,58.33mg/L, 7.84,82.7mg/L,88.67mg/L and 89.43mg/L, respectively. Using a single Anabaena sp. demonstrates the most effective method of removing all contaminants in the leachate. The removal of COD was the highest at 105.71% followed by BOD₅ at 92.71% and (NO^-₃) at 82.09%. This finding suggested that to achieve the optimum removal of BOD₅, COD, NH₃-N, NO₂ and NO^-₃ content in leachate sample, treatment by Anabaena sp. should be applied. The findings from this study, may be an addition to the alternatives for leachate treatment especially for the application of Anabaena sp.

Author (s) Details

 

W R W A Razak

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

 

A Y Daud

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

A A Aziz

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

 

R Rasol

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v4/3756

Oscillatoriales: A Potent Microalgal Group from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Waterbodies | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Cyanobacteria have wide physiological flexibility and are distributed in diverse ecosystems. The present investigation was conducted to enlist Oscillatoriales from different crude oil contaminated water bodies in Tinsukia district of Assam, India. Results revealed a total of 22 species of freshwater Oscillatoriales out of which genus Oscillatoria was dominant with 10 species followed by Phormidium (6), Planktothrix (3), Lyngbya (1), Kamptonema (1) and Arthrospira (1). Furthermore, a thorough detail of the systematic accounts of each of these species is included.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Bishmita Boruah
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

 

Partha Pratim Baruah
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/3399G