Exploring Knowledge and Attitudes toward Surrogacy among Infertile Couples: Insights from Punjab, India | Chapter 9 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 3

 

Introduction: Surrogacy is a reproductive method in which a woman carries and delivers a baby on behalf of another couple. It may involve transferring a fertilised egg from the intended parents into the surrogate’s uterus, or in some cases, the surrogate may use her own egg and the sperm of another man to conceive. After childbirth, the surrogate mother hands over the baby to the intended or infertile couple. Although surrogacy has become a significant option for managing infertility, many couples still have limited knowledge and uncertain attitudes toward this practice.

 

Aim: The present study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding surrogacy among infertile couples attending selected infertility clinics in Amritsar, Punjab.

 

Methods: A descriptive non-experimental research design was adopted for this study. The sample consisted of 100 infertile couples selected through purposive sampling from Satjot Human Reproduction Centre, KD Hospital, and other infertility clinics in Amritsar. A structured questionnaire with 18 knowledge-related questions and an attitude scale with 16 statements was used to gather data. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential methods.

 

Results: The findings showed that most of the participants (87%) had an average level of knowledge, followed by 11% with good knowledge, and only 2% with poor knowledge about surrogacy. With respect to attitude, 62% of couples had a negative attitude, while 38% displayed a positive attitude. No significant relationship was found between knowledge and selected demographic variables such as age, religion, education, and family income. However, the type of family, duration of marriage, and number of infertility treatment attempts were found to have a statistically significant association at p < 0.05.

 

Conclusion: The study concluded that although the majority of infertile couples had moderate knowledge regarding surrogacy, their attitudes were mostly negative. This highlights the need for awareness and counselling programs to provide accurate information about medical, emotional, and legal aspects of surrogacy. Enhancing knowledge through education may help couples make more informed and positive decisions regarding this reproductive option.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kamalpreet Kaur
Khalsa College of Nursing Amritsar, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v3/6681

A Study of Elevated Progesterone Level and Its Consequences on In-vitro Fertilisation (IVF) Outcomes | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 9

 

Background: The embryo-endometrium dialogue remains incompletely understood. During conventional in vitro fertilisation cycles, progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration refers to rising progesterone levels in the absence of either premature or a luteinizing hormone surge. Most research has reported that elevated progesterone had an adverse impact on the endometrial environment of fresh cycles, leading to a decrease in pregnancy rates. High progesterone levels on the day of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin trigger induce advanced endometrial histological maturation and differential endometrial gene expression, which lead to implantation failure.

 

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of elevated progesterone levels on the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilisation.

 

Methods: The current study was undertaken at Swagat Hospital and Research Centre, Bongaigaon, Assam (India). Fifty patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were selected for the study. Baseline estimation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), (estrogen) E2 and (transvaginal sonography) TVS was done. The patients were grouped on the basis of their progesterone levels on the day of hCG trigger, with the cutoff for defining premature progesterone rise being (progesterone) P4≥ 3ng/ml. Final oocyte maturation was induced with hCG. Oocyte retrieval was performed 34-36 h after hCG. Two to three embryos of the day 3 cleavage stage were transferred under TVS guidance. The parameters obtained from each cycle were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed. A probability (P) value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A sonographic confirmation of pregnancy was performed 2 weeks after a β-hCG positive. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v23.0, with the Chi-square test for categorical data, ANOVA for quantitative variables, and significance set at P<0.05.

 

Results: On dividing the patients into two groups based on the cut-off of P4 as 3ng/ml, it was observed that the no of cases that conceived was significantly higher in the subjects whose P4 level was less than or equal to 3ng/ml than in the subjects whose P4 level was more than 3ng/ml.

 

Conclusions: The present study showed an adverse relationship between higher circulating serum concentration of P4 and clinical pregnancy rate. Elevated P4 level just before trigger is a reflection of endometrial maturity that can cause disparity between endometrial and embryonic ageing and therefore hamper implantation or cause failure in assisted reproductive technology (ART).

 

Author(s) Details

Sankar Kumar Das
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Swagta Hospital and Research Center, Bongaigaon Assam, India and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.

 

Priyanka Roy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Swagta Hospital and Research Center, Bongaigaon Assam, India and Department of Obstetrics, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.

 

Krishna Kalita
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Swagta Hospital and Research Center, Bongaigaon Assam, India and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v9/5481

Determining the Association between Serum Estradiol Levels on hCG Trigger Day and Live Birth Rates in Non-PCOS Patients | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 This study aims to retrospectively resolve the association of antitoxin estradiol (E2) levels on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger day and live beginning rates (LBRs) in women meeting with fresh embryo transfer and not presenting polycystic ovary syndrome. A total of 13,950 victims who had new embryo transfer between December 2013 and December 2019 were contained. LBR served as the key consequence indicator. After controlling for variables, a multivariable reversion analysis told a significant connection between serum E2 levels on the hCG cause day and LBR [relative risk (RR) 1.027, 95% assurance interval (CI) 1.007, 1.049]. Stratification study revealed thatthe LBR was positively joined (RR 1.052, 95% CI 1.004, 1.102) with all 1 ng/mL increase of serum E2 on the hCG trigger era for the subgroup with reduced antral follicle relies the trigger day. In particular, a two-piecewise uninterrupted regression model showed that when blood E2 content was less than 2.1 ng/mL, skilled was a positive equating (RR 1.188, 95% CI 1.057, 1.334) between antitoxin E2 and LBR with every accretion of 1 ng/mL E2.  However, the relationship betwixt E2 levels and LBR was not statistically significant (RR 1.002, 95% CI 0.971, 1.032) when the level of E2 was higher than the 2.1 ng/mL intonation point. Further prospective studies are necessary to explore the likely mechanisms and to consolidate the friendship between antitoxin E2 levels on the hCG trigger day and LBR.

Author(s) Details:

Xiaoyuan Xu,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Aimin Yang,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Yan Han,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Wei Wang,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Guimin Hao,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Na Cui,
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Infertility and Genetics, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V8/article/view/10202