Rockfill Dam with Reinforced Concrete Watertight Diaphragm: Static and Dynamic Analysis of Stress and Deformations | Chapter 2 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 3

 This study presents the stress-strain state in the dam physique depending on the type of rockfill that was acted according to the importance of completion of the dam and the first contents with water. Large dams are a very relevant instance for determining seismic risk. On the individual hand, the dams themselves are valuable, accompanying ramifications for the whole economy by way of energy production, water delivery systems for watering, flood protection, thus. On the other side, dam structural decay can create harsh disasters and reveal the people to the results of abrupt floods. The situation in Romania is aforementioned that the future safety of existent dams should be thought-out. The first reason is because these dams were realized and built on the footing of technical averages, the majority of that are no longer in effect; the second reason is the current dramatic humidity changes, which have happened in an accumulation of water in happening slowly huge lagoons. A third sane argument is the length of existent dams. The stress-deformation condition that happens in the Rastolita dam body contingent upon the kind of rockfill is examined in this research. Calculations were ruined two cases, namely the finishing of construction and the first filling of the dam accompanying water. The results show that after finishing of construction, the maximum conclusion is recorded in the principal area of the dam, beneath the middle third; level displacements of the downstream crystal are significantly higher distinguished to deformations of the upstream crystal in the area place the used material has a taller compressibility. Maximum principal normal stress registers few local distortions inside acceptable limits; minimum principal normal stress exhibits meaningful gradients in the first stage contact district downstream of the dam slope accompanying the tuff-pyroclastic embankment tier, as well as the first three tiers of intercalated filling biased near the slope. Stress increases caused by hydrostatic pressure later the initial contents do not result in stress concentrations fantasy thought of when awake different than those written at construction finishing.

Author(s) Details:

Mihaela Toderas,
University of Petrosani, Petrosani, 332006, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V3/article/view/12014

Accounts of Biological Functions for Accumulation of Radioisotopes in Fishes | Book Publisher International

 The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima-Ken (Prefecture), Japan, was destroyed in March 2011 by a major earthquake (magnitude 9) that struck off the northeast coast of Honshu Island, followed by a historic tsunami on March 11, 2011. Significant amounts of radioisotopes were released into the atmosphere and nearby seawater as a result of nuclear meltdown, hydrogen explosion damage to the buildings housing the reactors, and pollution of cooling water from the reactor cores. Since occasional studies have found that the majority of fishery products still contain radioisotope levels above the Japanese Norm Value, fishing is currently prohibited off the coast of Fukushima-Ken. The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology has measured radioisotope levels in fishery species off the coast of Iwaki-Shi (Iwaki City), Fukushima-Ken (located south of the former nuclear power plant); these data may be used to better understand the relationship between the accumulation of specific nuclides (radioisotopes) and certain fish species, as mentioned in the following chapters:

"Feminam Okamejei kenojei spp. Accumulation of a Specific Nuclide by Female Common Skete (Feminam Okamejei kenojei spp.)" is the first chapter.

"Full Quantity of Caesium Radioisotopes in Fish from the Fukushima-Ken Exclusive Economic Zone, Japan, in November 2012" is the second chapter.

"Some Fish Species in Offshore Fukushima, Japan May Accumulate a Particular Nuclide (Radioisotope)" is the third chapter.

"Possible Atomic Fuel Output by Fish Accumulation of Unique Radioisotopes Offshore Fukushima, Japan," fourth chapter,

Author(s) Details

KATSURA Hidemitsu
Coimbatore Institute of Technology (CIT), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India and Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan and Institute of Product Design and Manufacturing (IPROM), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (Uni.KL), 119 Jalan 7/91, Taman Shamelin Perkasa, 3.5 Miles Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ABFARF/issue/view/15

Bioindicators: Study on Uptake and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plant Leaves of State Highway Road, Bagalkot, India: Advanced Study | Chapter 7 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

In this study, Caesalpinia (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) and grass (Cyndon dactylon) was evaluated as the bioindicators of heavy metals such as the Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) contaminated in Bagalkot and along the state high way upto Mudhol. The soil samples at depth (0-20 cm) and caesalpinia and grass leaves were taken from different sampling stations namely Navnagar bypass road (S1), Gaddanakeri cross (S2), Tulasigeri (S3), Kaladagi (S4), Lokapur (S5), Chichakhandi (S6) and Mudhol (S7). The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Cr and Ni were measured using GBC- 932 plus Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Austrelia). The results of the study shows that the concentrations of heavy metals in caesalpinia ranged from Pb 20.36 to 29.39 µg/gmm, Cu 3.92 – 5.94 µg/gm, Zn 24.40 to 35.7 µg/gm, Cd 1.01 to 1.78 µg/gm, Mn 27.01 to 69.10 µg/gm, Cr 1.20 to 7.8 µg/gm and Ni 7.9 to 13.1 µg/gm. In grass heavy metal ranges between for Pb 20.16 to 28.01, Cu 3.95 to 5.76 µg/gm, Zn 24.50 to 35.8 µg/gm, Cd 1.15 to 1.52 µg/gm, Mn 28.91 to 72.51 µg/gm, Cr 1.28 to 8.0 µg/gm, Ni 8.1 to 15.1 µg/gm. Similarly in roadside soil heavy metal ranges between Pb 81.91 to 139.8 µg/gm, Cu 39.54 to 58.58 µg/gm, Zn 32.29 to 381.54 µg/gm, Cd 1.51 to 2.08 µg/gm, Mn 1257.9 to 2051 µg/gm, Cr 131.9 to 951.2 µg/gm and Ni 69.53 to 108.6 µg/gm. According to these results the concentration of heavy metals in grass was found high as compared to caesalpinia. Thus, compared to the metal accumulation potential grass is said to be heavy metal accumulator. The variation in heavy metal concentrations is due to changes in traffic density and anthropogenic activities. Thus, generally it is considered that grass and caesalpinia are good bioindicators and can be used in air pollution monitoring studies.

Author (s) Details

Dr. N. M. Rolli 
BLDEA’s Degree College, Jamkhandi, 587301, Karnataka, India.  

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/172