Radioprotective effects of Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists on Gamma Rays Induced Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes | Chapter 11 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the radioprotective effects of histamine H2 receptor antagonists on gamma rays generated clastogenic effects on human peripheral blood cells in vitro. This is done utilising metaphase chromosome for chromosomal aberration and micronuclei analyses. In the clinic, histamine H2 receptor antagonists are used to treat peptic ulcers. Using in vitro metaphase analysis and micronucleus tests, the effects of famotidine and ranitidine on 60Cobalt gamma-ray induced clastogenic effects were examined. Heparinized whole blood from six healthy subjects was donated, and 3Gy of gamma radiation was then applied. Famotidine and ranitidine on gamma-ray induced chromosomal aberration and Micronuclei in vitro in human cells of six donors are examined in detail in the current experiment to evaluate the radioprotective effects of these drugs. Aqueous solutions of ranitidine (500 g/ml) and famotidine (150 g/ml) were introduced to lymphocyte cultures at 0 and 24 hours after they had been started. For chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus analyses, cultures were taken and processed after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Cultures treated with Famotidine & Ranitidine separately demonstrated a substantial reduction (p 0.0001) in the frequency of chromosomal aberration at 0h and 24h following 3Gy gamma irradiation. Famotidine caused dicentrics to be inhibited by 60.91 percent and 56.42 percent at 0h and 24h, respectively, whereas ranitidine caused dicentrics to be inhibited by 52.11 percent and 43.54 percent and overall aberrations to be inhibited by 53.06 percent and 46.66 percent at 0h and 24h. Famotidine therapy was used to significantly reduce the frequency of micronuclei following 3Gy of gamma radiation, which resulted in inhibition of 48.83 percent (p 0.0001) at 0hr and 5.02 percent (p 0.016) after 24h. The decrease in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes treated with ranitidine and famotidine at 0 and 24 hours following gamma radiation (3Gy) suggests that drugs may lessen the clastogenic effects of radiation via radical scavenging mechanism, with famotidine being more effective than the ranitidine - histamine H2 receptor antagonists studied. On exposure to gamma radiation, the histamine H2 receptor antagonists ranitidine and famotidine were found to have radioprotective properties.

Author(s) Details:

Narinder Kumar Sharma,
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

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A Cross-sectional Study Highlighting Awareness about FDA Announcement on Voluntary Recall of Ranitidine among Physicians and Pharmacists in and Around Chennai, India | Chapter 11 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

 Ranitidine is a histamine-2 (H2) blocker that lowers the amount of acid produced by the stomach. The medicine was recalled in September 2019 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Health Canada owing to impurities N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). According to laboratory examinations, NDMA is a carcinogen.

The study's goal is to determine how well physicians and pharmacists in and around Chennai are aware of the ranitidine recall announcement and related difficulties.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 198 physicians and 113 pharmacists who were enrolled in the study as part of a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation. The participants' awareness, knowledge, and concerns about recall notification were collected.

Results revealed that only 75% of survey participants were aware of the notification and the difficulties it raised, with urban individuals outnumbering rural ones by a wide margin. When the notification was widely publicised, the grounds for the notification were unknown. The bulk of people who were unfamiliar with the ranitidine recall warning and related difficulties were from rural areas, according to the findings.

Conclusion: The level of awareness among physicians and pharmacists was found to be insufficient. Physicians and pharmacists are the most responsible healthcare practitioners, and they must be aware of any medication-related alerts issued by regulatory agencies.

Author(S) Details

Rukaiah Fatma Begam
Faculty of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India.

Swathi Suresh
Faculty of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India.

Yamuna Ravikumar
Faculty of Pharmacy, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, 600117, India.

Deepa Natarajan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602117, India.

Ramaiyan Velmurugan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602117, India.

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