Geopolitics of Oil in the Middle East and Its Implications for U.S. National Security | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 This item examines the impact of lubricate imports on U.S. national security, particularly an increasing reliance on petroleum resources from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a domain whose socio-political countryside is characterized by authoritarian regimes, governmental instability, and periodic confusion. This paper critically analyzes the extent to which the United States debris reliant on lubricate imports from the Middle East.  Moreover, it delves into the complexities that arise from reliance, especially place the suppliers are governments that do not align accompanying democratic ideals and place the potential for supply disruption looms best due to political upheavals. The authors decide that the only way to lighten the risks posed by this reliance is to reduce lubricate imports and to attain strength independence through the adoption of alternative and energy from undepletable source strategies.

Author(s) Details:

Nasser Momayezi,
Department of Social Sciences, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA-30260, USA.

R. B. Rosenburg,
Department of Humanities, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA-30260, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V9/article/view/12114

Recent Developments of Sustainable Energy: The Key to a Stable Nigeria | Chapter 7 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 7

 This article recommends that sustainable energy systems based on solar and biomass technology be used to address Nigeria's utility concerns, including acute water scarcity in both rural and urban regions. The study underlines the contradictions of Nigeria's oil-rich economy and the stark reality of the country's lack of social infrastructure. Perennial power outages have resulted in the lack or underdevelopment of basic social facilities in Nigeria for many years. The lack of resources has resulted in an increase in extreme poverty in both rural and urban areas, as well as the deterioration of social order and threats to citizens and their property. Through the construction of Renewable Energy Business Incubators, creative lending techniques, NGO alliances, and altering energy-distribution duties, this study suggests the adaption of two emerging technologies for building sustainable energy systems and the development of decentralised and sustainable energy sources as catalysts for much-needed social infrastructure development. These reforms would help to boost the country's grassroots economies, provide significant amounts of much-needed clean water, maintain acceptable sanitation standards, and improve the health and well-being of Nigerian communities. The recommended tactics are tailored to the Nigerian environment; nevertheless, the authors argue that the same or comparable tactics could be used in other developing countries to enhance energy and social infrastructure.

The economic and social benefits that sustainable energy systems can provide have driven a number of business and government entities in Nigeria to invest heavily in the new technology.

Author(s) Details

Kalu Uduma
Alpha-Solar LLC, 19962 Renfrew Road, Detroit, MI 48221, USA and Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Department, The Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

Tomasz Arciszewski
Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Department, The Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA and The ASCE Global Center of Excellence in Computing, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V7/article/view/965

OPEC and the New Energy Landscape | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Science and Technology Vol. 4

With the emergence of shale oil and other non-conventional energy sources, the relevance of the Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has been put to question. Until recent times, OPEC had been the swing producer in the global oil market as many nations depended on oil to meet their energy needs that was evident in the 1973 energy crisis and the devastating effect on the world economy. In the aftermath of this, developed nations started a search for alternative energy sources to avoid a repeat of such an occurrence. In recent past, shale oil has emerged as a viable energy resource that contributed to the crash of oil price in 2014. Other non-conventional energy sources such as renewables have continued to garner attention and gain more grounds as concerns for environmental impact and climate change continue to grow globally. Hence, this study employs a qualitative approach using Technology, Economics, Commercial, Operational and Policies (TECOP) in analysing the potentials of unconventional oil sources such as shale oil and renewable energy sources as well as that of conventional oil. A comparative analysis is also carried out to determine if shale oil and non-conventionals are real competitors to conventional oil. This analysis is based on the context of technical, economical, commercial, operational and political considerations for these energy sources.  Infrastructures for conventional oil such as recharge stations are readily available, when compared to renewables. Moreover, by-products such as asphalt, obtained from conventional crude oil are not the same for non-conventional sources. Operationally, the capacity and efficiency of conventional oil in terms of industrial usage, is more competitive than that of renewables. Politically, renewables do have an edge over conventional oil and unconventional oil such as shale oil, because globally, policies are being implemented to discourage the use of fossil fuels and encourage the use of renewables as a response to the issue of global warming. In this study, it was found that technology is the major driver and the extent to which non-conventional energy sources are used is a function of investment in research and development. Technology is the backbone of the development and sustenance of any energy source. 

Author(s) Details

R. U. Onolemhemhen
University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria.

Y. A. Omotosho
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Professor S. O. Ishehunwa
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/184