Meta-Analysis of Stimulus Fading for Improving Children’s Discrimination Learning | Chapter 09 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

 Many children with intellectual or developmental problems, as well as those with autism, have trouble learning and require more prominent cues to elicit appropriate responses. Behaviors must, however, become driven by less evident, more natural environmental triggers in order for generalisation to occur. The use of stimulus fading is one way to achieve this aim. It entails gradually lowering the number and intensity of stimuli necessary to prompt discriminating learning. Despite the fact that it has been in use for over 40 years, no systematic study has been undertaken to establish its efficacy. The current study's goal was to do a meta-analysis of the literature on stimulus fading in children and adolescents. Standard mean difference (SMD), improvement rate difference (IRD), and Tau-U were used to calculate effect sizes. The resulting effect values suggested that stimulus fading is a fairly successful strategy for helping youngsters acquire and perform tasks, with certain effect sizes in the very effective range. The effects of stimulus fading are explored, as well as the factors that influence their efficacy. The findings showed that the corpus of literature examined was only moderately successful in boosting children's discrimination learning. The reasoning for this discovery will be discussed. Also worth noting is that stimulus fading has been applied in a wide range of applications and contexts, according to the research. Finally, issues with interpreting effect sizes in single case research design (SCRD) studies with stimulus fading processes will be discussed.

Author(S) Details

John W. Maag
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.

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Development of Fading Channel Modeling Performance for Wireless Channel | Chapter 09 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The fluctuation of a signal's attenuation with various variables is generally referred to as fading channel modelling. The time, geographical location, and radio frequency are all included. Fading is commonly depicted as a random process. As a result, a fading channel is one that fades with time. The fading caused by multipath reception is reflected in the Rayleigh fading channel. Rayleigh channels are used to construct a new design and simulate a wireless channel in this study's method. Rayleigh channels were employed with two ways to quantify some path space loss efforts and analyse the performance of different wireless fading channel modelling (flat and frequency-selective fading channels). The results show that the biting error rate (BER) performance improves significantly when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is similar to 45dB. Finally, the results show that when the SNR is lowered, the suggested technique enhances fading channel modelling performance by minimising the BER error. In addition, the Rayleigh model is more exact and can be utilised to create a fading channel model.

Author(S) Details

Inaam Abbas Hieder
Department of IT, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

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Determination of the Channel Capacity of MIMO System in Correlated Rician Fading Scenario | Chapter 03 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 This research investigates the impact of Rician fading and correlation on the capacity and diversity of MIMO channels. If the propagation medium contains rich scattering or Rayleigh fading and the antenna arrays on both sides are uncorrelated, using antenna arrays on both sides of a wireless communication link (MIMO systems) can boost channel capacity. On the other hand, the presence of a line-of-sight (LOS) component and the correlation of real-world wireless channels may affect system performance. We also look into power distribution methods for higher capacity increases and the influence of CSI at the transmitter on capacity for SNR range. Our study examines capacity gain as a function of antenna number and signal-to-noise (SNR) power ratio. The effect of the Rician factor (L) and the correlation parameter () on the capacity and diversity gains of MIMO channels is investigated using a block and frequency nonselective Rician fading channel.

Author(S) Details

Nirav D. Patel
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Ganpat University, India.

Vijay K. Patel
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Ganpat University, India.

Dharmesh Shah
Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, India.

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